This research addresses the topic of vaccinating children against epidemics, which is one of the medical issues related to public health security and community safety. We have chosen the example of the jurist Al-Mahdi Al-Wazzani (d. 1923) as an important practical model to elucidate this subject. His legal responses demonstrate his understanding of the benefits and purposes of vaccinating children within the framework of prevailing societal values.

This research aims to present his stance on vaccination against the epidemics that were widespread during his time, especially smallpox, which became rampant in the nineteenth century and claimed many lives. It also examines his argumentative position against jurists who opposed vaccination, viewing it as a manifestation of Western influence and a danger to children’s lives.

The research problem raised questions about society’s need for jurisprudential responses to clarify the benefits of vaccination its impact on supporting children’s health security and its psychological repercussions on a plague-stricken community. The research concluded with several findings, including the necessity of utilizing jurisprudential responses to address public health conditions in the community, and their importance in preserving children’s lives and health rights, which are responsibilities of the community and parents.

The current study aimed to build a proposed vision for the role of educational institutions in supporting the rights of those who have lost family bonds, enhancing their status among students, integrating them with their peers, achieving the desired educational goals efficiently and effectively, managing the crises they face in a wise way, and solving problems in scientific ways that guarantee their rights in societies, by analyzing and reviewing previous research and studies and educational literature during the current years (2020/2023) to ensure that an integrated therapeutic vision is produced according to clear steps to achieve support, protection and motivation for those who lose family bonds. In the light of the results of the study, it recommends the development of comprehensive educational policies: Educational institutions should work on developing comprehensive educational policies that take into account the needs and challenges of individuals who suffer from a lack of family support. These policies can include the provision of additional financial assistance and psychosocial support.

The Symbolic Dimension in Elias Khoury’s Novel “The Children of the Ghetto – My Name is Adam” by Elias Khoury

This research paper seeks to address the symbolic dimension in Elias Khoury’s novel “The Children of the Ghetto – My Name is Adam.” The researcher aims to explore the concept of symbolism in literature generally, considering it as an expressive and suggestive style, and a creative artistic approach that adds depth to the text and allows the reader to interpret it in multiple ways.

To validate the hypothesis of the study, the researcher analyzed the features of symbolism in the text’s thresholds, specifically focusing on the title and the cover image of the novel. The study then delves into the symbolism of the characters, examining the main characters portrayed in the novel: Waddah Al-Yaman, Adam Danon, Mamoun the Blind, and Manal, before exploring the symbolism of the settings and time within the narrative.

This study aided to present the poetry verses that has contained syntactic grass wards in the pendulation of Amri Al-kaies and have collected truth datas about it ,following the views of the Arabic language scientists aiming to study, discuss, analysis and its documentation to enhance Arabic syntax in poetry and Shaw the importance of poetry grass wards in syntactic rules.

The study generalizes, grammatical grass wards: Holy Quran grass wards, Arabic poetry and prophetic speech (Hadeith) and the views of the syntacticians and linguists and the grammatical schools that based  on Holy Quran grass wards and its reciting and also the honored prophetic (Hadeith) soeech.

The most important results of the many contradictions in the verse novel – grammatical grass wards in the pendulation of Amri kaies reached forty three grass wards. This percentage is considered very high compared to the number of the verses of the pendulation which is eighty two verses, and that is to say the syntacticians were caring with Old poetry (Aljahili) in general and Amri kaies poetry in particular, because it represent the apex that Arabs reached to, so as the strong methodology and interesting expression, fluency and detailed statement.

The concept of modernity appeared in an elegant coat of inventions that benefit humans, reduce their effort, multiply their production, and seek their comfort and well-being. Its priests raised bright slogans of freedom, justice, and equality, spreading science and civilization, and eliminating backwardness. But this bright mask hid behind it an ugly face whose goal was to dominate people’s minds and direct them to what its interests required, to control the economy, and use it along with military force as a soft weapon to pressure people and governments to follow in their footsteps and subservient to them without an opinion or a right to make decisions, in a kind of codified civilized slavery. It had its impact on aspects of political, social, and intellectual life, and literature was used as a means to shake peoples’ beliefs and values, corrupt tastes, tear down the barriers of religious, social, and moral systems, and unleash desires and replace them with lofty values. Contemporary Arabic literature had two faces: A servant of this modernity and its priests, and the sensor of its danger that pruned it, took its good and threw its bad. The two currents proceeded in parallel for about a century. The first is relying on the media managed by the priests of modernity, and its darkness loomed for decades, corrupting the tastes of generations, while the other is relying on the strength of its own roots, its mastery of its language, and its artistic methods. So when the new media opened its arms through the Internet sites, it appeared strongly heralding a literary awakening, and the production that suffered from oppression and exclusion for decades emerged, especially in poetry. While the imported poetic forms shrank and contracted, the influence of European modernity remained in some contents as an encroachment on religion or morals and values, except that voices began to rise strongly in rejecting it and calling for literature to return to its commitment to constants and to revolve freely in the orbit of variables.

This research deals with the development of narrative styles in Syria in the modern era, and aims to monitor the development of some types of narratives, such as the novel and the story, since the beginning of the Renaissance era.

I started the research with an introduction about the development of narrative forms in Arabic literature, and after mentioning the objectives and methodology of the research, I learned about narrative language and terminology. Then I moved on to talk about the development of Syrian narrative forms in the modern era, mentioning the names of some of the pioneers of this art, and citing some of their literary works in                                        

the story according to the sequence of development of these arts, and the research concluded with the most important results and recommendations.

In this study, we examine the pivotal role played by three Black poets: Leopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Aimé Césaire from the Merindian (Caribbean), and Léon Contrand-Damas from Guyana, in the emergence of African literature. The three met in Paris to study, united by the French language and their status as Black people.

We studied the intellectual and cultural climate that contributed to Black consciousness at that time, which led Africans and Black people from the Caribbean and the continent of Africa to meet in Paris and reflect on the plight of Black people suffering from oppression, racial discrimination, and colonialism. The three poets played a prominent role in galvanizing emerging Black writers, working to publish their writings, and preserving their cultural and literary heritage.

The study identified what African Black literature meant, which for them meant belonging to Africa and its culture and recognizing one's Black African identity.

The study introduced the three poets, African Negro literature, and their respective understanding of it. It then examined the stages through which this Negro literary movement passed, beginning in the United States and continuing through the broader context, until the idea transcended the ocean and took shape in Paris, becoming a literary school that united African Negroes and their brethren in the Caribbean. The study then addressed the themes of Negro literature in fiction, poetry, and theater. It also addressed the literary production under colonialism that preceded the Negro School in Paris. This literature was merely a literature designed to serve the colonizers and did not address the dire conditions suffered by Africans.

The character represents the main nerve in the story, because people are the tool of interaction and we are connected to them by emotion, feelings, and ideas; the character is therefore a source of enjoyment and suspense resulting from the bonds that are held between the reader and the characters of the story when he follows their path in the story.

   Critics used to divide the characters of the story in the literary work – according to the way the writer presented them – into two parts:

– Fixed secondary characters (flat).

– Key figures developing (sophisticated).

When I looked at the stories of the Holy Qur’an, I found that the characters of this Qur’anic stories do not conclude that these two sections are: either fixed secondary characters such as angels in the story of Adam’s creation, or brothers of Yusuf in the story of Yusuf, or main characters, such as Adam in creation, Abraham and Joseph – peace be upon them.

This research is a study of the main character, being the first intention of the stories, in which the values to be shown from the story emerge.

The study is based on the descriptive and analytical approach to highlight the role of the character in the Qur’anic stories

Through this research, it was found that the science of interpretation for the sciences of the Holy Qur’an, and through this research we knew the lineage of the Prophet Mohamed Allah peace be upon him.

This research shows us that true worship is for God Almighty, and not for Jesus as the Christians say.

This research also shows the claim of the Jews and Christians who claimed to be the sons of Allah and his loved ones, and that they are human beings, who created it Allah Almighty, if they did well to reward them Allah Almighty, and if they miscalculated them like the rest of humanity.

It also shows us the importance of walking the earth and thinking about it, and in the souls, and looking at what befell the nations of the past who lied to His Messengers and suffered them from torment, punishment and punishment in this world with the painful torment saved for them in the hereafter.

We also knew some of the halal and haram and through this research we knew some of the provisions of inheritance, which is one of the most important sciences, and how the Allah Almighty survived his faithful servants, and that the one who has the king of the heavens and the earth is Allah Almighty, and that he is the one who overthrew everything, and the king of everything, and enslaved everything, not for idols that are worshiped without Allah, and that the Almighty does not hasten the punishment, but dismisses repentance and deputation from those who repented to him.

Through it, we find a reference to some important commandments, the most important of which is not to shirk with the Allah Almighty in worshiping Him, which are the most important commandments at all, and benevolence to parents with righteousness and supplication, and not to kill children for poverty that will be removed, and other important commandments.

This research posits the hypothesis that imaginary debates in Arabic literature served as a significant means of expression and communication during this era. The purpose is the cornerstone of their utilization; imaginary debates are the product of intentions, shaped by the dialogical-argumentative approach. The study is structured around two main axes, preceded by an introduction and brief definitions of purposes and imaginary debates. The first axis will delve into social and political purposes, including class distinction, humor, criticism of vices, descriptions of situations, and complaints. The second axis will explore educational purposes, such as facilitation, training in dialogue, development of critical thinking skills, and refinement of ethics and values. Finally, the conclusion will synthesize the findings. The research concludes that the argumentative purpose in imaginary debates manifested in general purposes shared by multiple authors, in addition to a single debate containing multiple purposes, demonstrating the multiplicity of intentions within these texts. The use of argumentative techniques and direct and indirect expressive strategies served to represent these purposes, rendering the texts persuasive through their social, political, and educational objectives aimed at reform, correction, and refinement of ethics and values.

This study addressed cyber-extortion crimes in terms of their legal classification in Islamic Sharia and Yemeni law. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in her study of these crimes. The study included two sections preceded by an introductory requirement: to define cyber-extortion crimes and mention their most important characteristics. The first section explains the legal and jurisprudential classification of cyber-extortion crimes in terms of type. The second section: the legal and jurisprudential classification of cyber-extortion crimes in terms of criminal behavior. The research reached several results, the most important of which is that the appropriate classification of electronic blackmail in Islamic jurisprudence is that these crimes are included in the issue of moral coercion in the provisions of Islamic Sharia. As for Yemeni law, it has not yet established specific texts for these crimes that clarify the appropriate classification for them. Therefore, these crimes are dealt with according to the general texts and rules under which such crimes can be included. The researcher recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: saturating these crimes with more jurisprudential and legal studies to clarify the features of these crimes, and establishing special legal texts to address these crimes by the Yemeni legislator. Awareness must also be spread in societies about the causes and dangers of these crimes and how to prevent them.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing clinical practice by delivering innovative tools that significantly enhance patient outcomes. These technological advancements make speech therapy more efficient and effective, benefiting patients and practitioners alike. AI has brought substantial improvements to clinical documentation by automating various tasks, such as objective evaluations and documentation processes [1]

In speech therapy, AI technologies, such as automatic speech recognition for dysarthric speech, Eulerian video magnification for subtle cues, and digital phenotyping for continuous symptom monitoring, have revolutionized patient care. Virtual reality assists in communication practice, gamification enhances engagement, and specialized apps like Stamurai provide customized exercises for assessing emotional well-being. Evidence-based voice therapy now incorporates voice-controlled models, ensuring more efficient and dynamic patient care [2, 3].

AI is quick and accurate, greatly improving documentation and enabling the creation of customized exercises based on speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs’) suggestions. It excels as a data analyzer, effectively gathering and organizing data to spot changes in communication patterns and provide real-time biofeedback during speech. AI’s ability to deliver client-centered care is one of its main advantages, as it can provide precise insights into each patient’s needs and treatment goals [3,4]

However, integrating AI into speech therapy faces challenges, such as the need for widespread broadband internet connectivity and rigorous testing of emerging technologies. Future research should evaluate AI applications in real-world contexts, including virtual reality, to ensure their effectiveness. The adoption of telepractice is hindered by outdated licensing requirements for SLPs, but recent efforts aim to improve license portability and reduce regulatory obstacles. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reimbursement model for home visits remains uncertain, necessitating a shift to rely on monthly payments [5,6]

Speech therapists are increasingly recognizing the transformative potential of AI, with studies highlighting its applications in speech recognition and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, ethical concerns about AI’s use in identifying and framing autistic individuals raise questions about its implications. This has prompted a shift towards a more relational ethical framework in AI use [5,7].

In summary, while AI holds great promise in transforming speech therapy, addressing technical, regulatory, and ethical challenges is crucial for realizing its full potential and ultimately providing more effective and accessible care.

The research was conducted on the Chadian heritage. It was in the literary and artistic field, as the researcher linked it to Arabic proverbs in the Chadian dialect to find artistic features worth studying. Its importance lies in the fact that it deals with the issue of women and their expressions in their conditions to extract the beauty of style and vocabulary formulation. The reason for conducting the study is the scarcity of research in this field, in addition to the limitation of studies in the field of poetry the reluctance to prose, and the reluctance of students to address women’s issues.

The study covered more than 40 Chadian Arabic expressions about the secret metaphor related to women. The researcher divided it into points to facilitate the treatment, the first section was related to the elimination of the need and what followed in the intercourse, and the second section dealt with what is associated with the offer, and it is related to honor and virtue, as well as the state of vice, including what the offer receives from the slander, and the research concluded concerning the lineage from the beginning of the fetus pregnancy until it is laid. He reached the most important conclusions: that the Chadian Arabic dialect contains sublime meanings in its proverbs and wisdom, that in its beginnings it is still coherent in many of its meanings and buildings, and that the lack of expression in slander is due to religious education.

Finally, he made recommendations that could enrich the study if addressed.

This study aims to clarify the key features of the divine ethical legislation that Islam sought to establish in a society that had recently emerged from pre-Islamic ignorance, which was characterized by wrongful behaviors and values far removed from the noble and tolerant principles of Islam. The research addresses the most important aspects of ethical legislation related to the relationship between humans and their Creator, which is considered the foundation of ethical legislation in general. It then elaborates on the ethical legislation concerning the relationship between individuals and their families, which is one of the most critical foundations for building social life, as the family is the cornerstone of society. If the relationships among its members are in harmony with the guidance of the Holy Quran, it will be a family filled with goodness, cooperation, and fruitful understanding, positively reflecting on society and life as a whole. The research also highlights the main landmarks of ethical legislation in the Meccan society by examining the relationship between individuals and their community through the Quranic verses revealed during the Meccan period.

This study aimed to identify the public relations employment of the dialogue communication theory in promoting the national spirit, where the researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach and distributed a questionnaire to all 450 elements of the Ninth Battalion in the National Security, and (400) were retrieved valid for analysis, as the researcher conducted four interviews with directors of public relations in the National Security in the governorates of the country, to obtain accurate information about ways to employ dialogue communication in promoting patriotism.

The study reached results, the most important of which are: the efficiency of public relations in employing the principles of rapprochement and sympathy in dialogue communication to enhance the patriotism of the elements of the Ninth Battalion in National Security, but its interest in other principles of dialogue communication is medium by 69.2%, The results revealed that the varying interest in applying the principles of dialogue communication is reflected like the activities and tools practiced by public relations to enhance the national spirit, as public relations focuses on interviews, direct meetings, panel discussions, telephone, courses and traditional correspondence as tools in a high way, while training courses, workshops, conferences and periodic communications are organized in an average manner, polls and events, electronic correspondence, publications and workshops and conferences.

Accordingly, the researcher recommended the need to encourage public Relations practitioners to employ all principles of dialogue communication to enhance the patriotism of the elements of the Ninth Battalion in National Security and to intensify programs and activities, and security communication programs and security maintained at the same time, with the help of Public Relations experts.

This research was conducted in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science, Wadi Al-Shati University, to investigate some quality determinants of local red and white beans available in the Libyan markets. The results showed significant differences in the number of bacteria between the two studied varieties, as the imported white cowpea seeds contained the highest number, which reached 1211 x 103 colonies/g. As for the total number of fungal colonies by dilution method (10-1, 10-2, 10-3), it was noted that the total number in the imported white cowpea was higher than in the local red cowpea, as it reached 5 x 10-1 colonies in the white cowpea, 2 x 10-2 colonies and 1 x 10-3 colonies for the three dilutions respectively, compared to 2 x 10-1 colonies and 1 x 10-2 colonies and no growth appeared for the three dilutions respectively in the local red cowpea. The chemical composition results showed that the fat content in red cowpea was higher (p<0.05) as it reached 1.77% compared to 1.47 for white cowpea. It also showed that the protein, moisture and ash content of white cowpea was higher as it was 32.77, 8.78, and 3.50 respectively. There were no significant differences in the rest of the components and calories (p>0.05). The results showed that red cowpea seeds were superior in their iron and copper content to imported white cowpea seeds, while imported white cowpea seeds were superior in their zinc content.

The researchers in this study examined verbs with a weak initial radical (al-mithal) in the first half of the Holy Qur’an. Given that the Qur’anic text contains numerous verbs with weak initial radicals, it is crucial to identify them and understand their morphological rules. The study highlights the importance of understanding the standard morphological patterns of these verbs to accurately grasp the nuanced meanings of the Qur’anic verses. Additionally, the research outlines key sources that can be used to analyze the morphological structures of verbs with weak initial radicals found in the Qur’an. Furthermore, it reviews the changes that these verbs undergo when conjugated with different pronouns.

To facilitate understanding, the researchers divided the study into three main sections:

1. Section One: Verbs with weak radicals and their various categories.
2. Section Two: Verbs with weak initial radicals in the first half of the Qur’an.
3. Section Three: The grammatical rules governing the conjugation of weak verbs with pronouns.

The study reached several key conclusions, including:

• The past tense of verbs with a weak initial radical, whether waw or yaa, behaves like the past tense of regular verbs in all cases, with no forms of elision or weakening, and nothing is omitted from the verb.
• Lack of understanding of the morphological patterns of triliteral and quadrilateral weak verbs and a failure to apply their morphological rules can result in errors in writing, pronunciation, and even in understanding the text itself.

The study aimed to identify the degree of use of Arabic language teachers for measurement and evaluation in teaching the Arabic language to sixth-grade middle school students. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach to collect the necessary data. A questionnaire was prepared for this purpose. The study sample consisted of (255) male and female teachers،who were selected randomly. The results of the study showed that the degree of use of Arabic language teachers for measurement and evaluation was high،while the rest of the criteria came in varying or lesser proportions. There were statistically significant differences in the use and knowledge of measurement and evaluation among Arabic language teachers،depending on the variable of academic qualification and experience. The researcher recommended continuing to hold scientific workshops and training courses on how to employ measurement and evaluation and link it to modern teaching methods، activating the role of preparation،training،and educational supervision in this field by visiting teachers and recommending the proper use of measurement and evaluation.

The study aimed to build a proposed vision for developing the institutional effort to automate data in the Greater Jerash Municipality based on the principles of digital globalization, through analyzing and reviewing previous research, studies and educational literature to ensure the emergence of an integrated therapeutic vision according to clear steps to achieve sustainable development of the institutional effort to automate data. The current study differs from previous studies in the study methodology as it adopts the analytical approach and in light of the results of previous studies and according to the researcher’s vision, the vision was built and its degree of suitability was identified from the point of view of specialists and experts. The results of the study showed that the role of institutional efforts to automate data in the Greater Jerash Municipality can be multifaceted and important in improving various aspects of the municipality’s operations. The study recommends strengthening the technical infrastructure in the Greater Jerash Municipality by investing in modern information technology systems, which facilitates data automation and ensures its integration with existing systems.

The research aimed to identify the role of the political economy of the conflict in Libya and analyze the role of oil and gas. The research also aimed to identify the importance of the Libyan political economy in examining the role of oil and gas, identify the political economy of the conflict in Libya, and identify the perceptions provided by economic policy to solve the problem of the Libyan conflict. It also aimed to identify how to control the political economy of the Libyan conflict, analyze the role of oil and gas, and identify the importance of oil and gas in the Libyan economy. The problem of the study was formed in the main question: What is the political economy of the conflict in Libya, analyzing the role of oil and gas? The research relied on the descriptive historical analytical approach to provide a clear and explicit picture of each aspect of the topic under study.

This article examines the state in Islamic political thought in general, and then in the thought of the Sudanese Islamic movement. It then examines the role and influence of al-Turabi as an intellectual reformer and founder of the Islamic movement politically. It is noteworthy that the Islamic movement, under al-Turabi's leadership, and in order to further penetrate the state and society, since its participation with the May government (in the 1980s), focused on the issues of the poor. They established advocacy, social, and economic institutions that penetrated the arenas of the vulnerable, such as the Islamic Call Organization, the Islamic African Relief Agency, reform and consolation societies, and Islamic banks and companies that sought to liberate society from usury. In its early years, they focused on financing the vulnerable, such as the Faisal Islamic Bank's experience with craftsmen, in addition to the positive activities of youth associations such as the Youth Construction Association, the Renaissance Pioneers, and others, focusing on the social dimension of religion. The Islamists made gains when Nimeiri announced the implementation of Islamic law in September 1983. Its approach was correct in spreading throughout society and building a Muslim society first. However, in 1989, it leapfrogged the stages and committed a historic error by seizing power by force, overthrowing a democratically elected regime. Turabi succeeded in building a strong and cohesive Islamic movement in Sudan, aiming to build a state that "returns to religion." Unfortunately, the process of transforming the idea into a state coincided with several internal factors and international changes. Externally, the implementation process coincided with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of bipolarity. The new unilateral international order confronted a new global ideology (political Islam), which America sought to confront within the context of the "clash of civilizations." The Sudanese Islamic movement had emerged as one of the poles of this confrontation through its confrontational rhetoric and slogans that provoked the American leadership. Internally, the ruling Islamic elite deviated from the principles of the Islamic state planned by Turabi due to exclusionary policies and the philosophy of empowerment, coupled with its elite's drift into corruption in all its forms. Thus, the ideal collapsed.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of video games on children's psychological behavior and ways to evaluate it. The study attempted to answer the main question: What is the impact of video games on children's psychological behavior and ways to evaluate it? The study relied on a descriptive approach and used a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The study sample consisted of (51) parents, selected through convenience methods.

The data was processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed several results, the most important of which were that the most prominent changes due to video games were changes in mood (21.6%), and that parents preferred action and exploration games (54.9%). The most common method parents use to evaluate the impact of video games on their children's behavior is to set specific times for playing. The study also found that the level of negative psychological effects of playing video games was high, specifically changes in mood.

Finally, the study presented a number of recommendations related to the results. Perhaps the most important conclusion and recommendation of this research is the need to change the negative, skeptical view of the world of video games and view them as a tool or means that can be very useful or very harmful. It is incumbent upon those concerned (policymakers, theorists, and researchers) to think and plan how to invest this tool for the benefit of our society and the advancement of its people.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a program based on the flipped classroom strategy in developing 21st-century skills of pre-service teachers in the Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Education, Sana’a University. To achieve the study objective, a descriptive approach based on a construction and development approach was adopted to prepare a list of 21st-century skills, to build the program that is based on the flipped classroom strategy. Also, the quasi-experimental approach was employed in the experimental design based on the experimental and control groups, with pre and post-test measurements. The study sample consisted of (60) students, randomly selected and divided into two equal and equivalent groups: the first was the experimental group that was subjected to a program based on the flipped classroom strategy, and the second was the control group that followed the traditional teaching method. The experiment was implemented on the participants in the first semester of the academic year 2023/2024. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are as follows: the identification of a list of 21st-century skills consisting of (33) skills, falling under (11) categories as well as the development of a program based on the flipped classroom strategy, consisting of (12) sessions, with the program sessions focusing on outputs, activities, and assessment methods. Also, there are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.0001) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post-application of the observation checklists. All these differences were in favor of the experimental group. The study also revealed that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.0001) between the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre-and post-application of the observation checklists. The differences were in favor of the post-application. In addition, the program based on the flipped classroom strategy achieved a high level of effectiveness in developing 21st-century skills among the experimental group of pre-service teachers in the Department of Islamic Studies. The effect size value was (1.43) at the level of the tool as a whole, which is a value higher than the proportion (1.2) which was determined by Black for large effect size. In light of the results, the study recommended the need to develop programs for preparing Islamic education teachers in faculties of education to include modern teaching strategies, especially the flipped classroom strategy as well as training them how to prepare lessons, produce educational videos, and publish them on the Internet according to these teaching strategies.

Letters have literary importance, as they are among the prose literary arts that belong to Arabic literary literature. Letters are distinguished by the good looks of their style and the expressive form and rhetorical treasures they contain. This is what prompted us to carefully study the letters of Lisan Al-Din Ibn Al-Khatib. What distinguishes Ibn Al-Khatib’s letters of observation is his depiction of activity and vitality, and it is noted in them that he uses images and imagination that make the reader wander into its vast world. This research deals with the image in Ibn Al-Khatib’s letters shows the writer’s ability to employ simile images in artistic paintings, and ends with a summary that highlights the results we have reached.

The study aimed to identify the challenges of applying artificial intelligence technologies in Jordan’s educational process and outlook from the point of view of experts, specialists, and authors in the field of social studies curricula and teaching methods. To achieve the objective of the study, the qualitative curriculum was followed to suit the nature and objectives of the study. The study tool was prepared. It is a quasi-codified interview tool. The indications of honesty and consistency were ascertained by the correct scientific methods. The study sample consisted of 14 researchers from specialists, researchers, and authors of the curriculum in social studies. The results of the interview analysis indicated that the recurrence of the challenges of applying AI techniques reached 32 times, as follows. First, “Physical and technical challenges: with a total of 12 repetitions followed by the coding of human challenges with repetitions reaching (9) Repeats of the ravages of coding “cultural and religious challenges”, reaching (7) repetitions. The study also showed that there are several solutions proposed to overcome the challenges of applying artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process from the point of view of experts and specialists in social studies in Jordan, and reaching repetitions (17) Repeat, “Keep up with new technologies and improve applications based on developments” (3) Duplicates, “clear vision and targets for utilizing AI techniques” (3) repetitions and repetitions of “teacher training” (4) duplicates. In light of the outcome of the study, the researcher made several recommendations, including the need to equip schools with the equipment, devices, networks, programs, and applications needed to use artificial intelligence in education. Specialized training courses for social studies teachers in the field of artificial intelligence applications, to reduce the level of difficulty employed in the teaching process.