This study examines the participation banking system, which operates in accordance with Islamic finance principles, both theoretically and in practice. It focuses on Kuveyt Türk Participation Bank, one of the leading and long-established institutions in Turkey, as a case study. The interest-free financial model offers an alternative that aligns with Islamic law through profit-and-loss sharing, ethical investment practices, and a strong connection with the real economy. Kuveyt Türk’s adherence to AAOIFI (Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions) standards in instruments such as murabaha, ijārah, mudarabah, and sukuk demonstrates its commitment to not only formal but also substantive Shariah compliance. The bank’s Shariah Supervisory Board and internal audit mechanisms reinforce its operational credibility in the Islamic finance sector. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to analyze the compliance and practical implementation of Islamic legal principles in participation banking through the example of Kuveyt Türk. The findings indicate that participation banks contribute not only to ethical finance but also to broader goals of sustainable development

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of custom (‘urf) on the derivation of Islamic legal rulings through a foundational and applied approach. The research addresses the concept of custom, its linguistic and terminological definitions, its types, and the distinction between valid and invalid customs, particularly in contractual contexts. It further examines the role of custom in interpreting Sharia terminology and explores the standards by which custom is considered a legitimate source for legal rulings, especially in contemporary issues. The study also discusses the application of custom in matters such as sales contracts, marriage, judiciary rulings, and public fatwas. It highlights that a valid custom has a significant effect on legal rulings when it meets specific Sharia-based criteria and does not contradict clear legal texts. The research concludes that custom plays a crucial role in Islamic jurisprudence, providing flexibility in legal reasoning and responding effectively to emerging societal needs.

It is very difficult to report on most of the critical and philosophical opinions contained in the book “On Pre-Islamic Poetry” by Professor Taha Hussein; This requires a long time from us، given the huge amount of intellectual and literary momentum that he left behind، Until this book became the preoccupation of many contemporary and non-contemporary critics as well، and we have tried in this research، tagged with “a critical descriptive study; the book “In Pre-Islamic Poetry” by Taha Hussein and the critics’ opinion about it presenting an attempt to reveal the most important critical positions and the foundations on which they were built، In addition to mentioning the wide discussions raised by this book in the Arab monetary arena. At the end of this study، we reached several results; The most important of them is that the approach adopted by Taha Hussein in his criticism of pre-Islamic poetry; It is a conciliatory approach in which he tried to combine Arab-Islamic culture with European culture، which resulted in a critical book with different approaches (the curriculum of skepticism، philosophy، history…)، through which he was able to prove his strength in the field of systematic criticism despite his lack of commitment to the foundations of the historical approach and its accuracy Scientific.

The study dealt with the issue of the bank’s liability to third parties for failure to verify the customer’s status in accordance with Jordanian legislation, where the study followed the analytical and descriptive approach, and the problem of the study was the lack of rules governing the bank’s banking liability, the study has reached several conclusions, most notably that the bank’s liability to third parties is a civil tort liability, and a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to enact legislative rules governing the bank’s banking liability. 

In this article, the researcher attempts to demonstrate that leadership or imamate in Islam aims to achieve noble objectives and lofty purposes, namely safeguarding the religion and managing worldly affairs in accordance with it. This makes it fundamentally different from all forms of monarchy, whether natural or political, as the imamate is based on principles and foundations derived from the higher objectives of Sharia and from explicit scriptural texts that command justice, the implementation of God’s rulings on earth, and the protection and care of the Muslim community.

The researcher also points out the grave mistake made by some Westerners and Westernized thinkers who believe that Islam represents only a segment or sector of life, separate from society or capable of being isolated from other spheres of life. This does not, in any way, apply to the Islamic Ummah. Such a situation never existed in the past, and modern attempts to marginalize Islam have utterly failed. The idea of a religion separated from politics and the state—though deeply rooted in Christianity—has never taken hold under the framework of Islam.

The significance of this research lies in its examination of literary criticism in terms of both theory and practice, applied to a prominent figure in Arabic literature: Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Jahiz. Despite the abundance of studies on al-Jahiz and his critical ideas, further research and analysis are still needed, especially given the diversity of contemporary critical schools. 

Literature, in both its poetic and prose forms, represents the raw material of criticism and precedes it in existence. Therefore, this study seeks to review the most prominent critical issues addressed by al-Jahiz and analyze them within the framework of the relationship between theory and practice by tracing his views in some of his works. 

Research Importance

The importance of this study lies in: 

– Highlighting al-Jahiz’s role as a critic who combined theoretical criticism with practical application. 

– Revealing the extent to which his critical views align with both classical and modern critical approaches. 

– Enriching Arabic literature with an analytical study that deepens the understanding of al-Jahiz’s literary criticism. 

Research Objectives

This research aims to: 

– Analyze some of al-Jahiz’s critical concepts and link them to theory and practice. 

– Clarify the extent of his influence by the cultural and civilizational context of the Abbasid era. 

– Provide an academic contribution that benefits students of literary criticism, both classical and modern. 

Research Scope 

The study is limited to examining some of the critical issues addressed by al-Jahiz, focusing on instances where the relationship between theoretical criticism and practical application is evident, in light of both classical and modern critical methodologies. 

Research Methodology 

The research relies on two approaches: 

1. Historical Method: To trace al-Jahiz’s life, environment, and document his scholarly contributions. 

2. Descriptive-Analytical Method: To observe, analyze, and draw conclusions from the critical material. 

Previous Studies

Many critical works have addressed the history of classical and modern criticism, including some of al-Jahiz’s critical opinions. This research benefits from these studies while attempting to present a new perspective focusing on the practical aspect of his criticism. 

Key Recommendations 

1. Focus on the Abbasid era, which witnessed the flourishing of critical movements due to the state’s strength and its interaction with preceding civilizations. 

2. Analyze al-Jahiz’s stance on wording (lafz) and meaning (ma’na), as he emphasized wording without neglecting meaning, introducing the concept of “composition” (nazm) as a connecting link. 

3. Study al-Jahiz’s classification of poetry, distinguishing between good and bad poetry while focusing on his critical standards. 

4. Benefit from his critical approach, which combined precise wording with subtle meaning, emphasizing his view that poetry is a “craft” requiring linguistic and intellectual mastery. 

Conclusion

Al-Jahiz is one of the most prominent Arab critics who combined theoretical criticism with practical application, making his study essential for understanding the evolution of literary criticism. His critical opinions remain highly significant in contemporary studies, calling for further research and analysis.

Salinity is one of the problems that hinder agricultural production. Statistics show that saline-affected lands constitute about half of the total agricultural lands. In Libya in particular, saline soils make up a large proportion of the agricultural land area. The effects of salinity lead to changes in the nature and porosity of the soil. Calcium sulfate salts, in the form of gypsum, are added to growth media suffering from increased concentrations of sodium chloride. Agricultural gypsum is a primary and essential source of soluble calcium used for the reclamation and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. It helps prevent the deterioration of saline soil properties during the reclamation process and is characterized by being free of toxic heavy metals. It also contains a high percentage of sulfur in an organic form that is beneficial to plants. Moreover, the addition of agricultural gypsum as a source of soluble calcium in the soil helps remove harmful sodium ions. Creating a good salt balance in the soil through the dissolution of salts improves the soil’s physical properties by increasing aeration, porosity, and permeability. It breaks down lime and soda aggregates, which facilitates the absorption of nutrients by plant roots. Calcium plays a key role in protecting plant cells from the effects of salt stress. It acts as a secondary messenger within plant cells exposed to salt stress, as the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm increases once the cell is exposed to external stress. The release of calcium signals in the cell triggers different reactions depending on the type of stimulus the cell is exposed to, and this release relies on calcium transport pumps located in cell membranes.

This study aims to evaluate the water quality of springs and surface groundwater sources in the Al Qubah region and its surroundings in eastern Libya, given their significance as a primary source of drinking, domestic, and agricultural water. The study covered seven main springs, with water samples collected during the summer and winter seasons of 2023–2024. The analysis focused on measuring the concentrations of selected heavy metals (iron, zinc, lead, cadmium) using spectrometric techniques, alongside statistical analysis to identify seasonal and spatial variations.

The results indicated that iron concentrations exceeded the permissible limit in some samples during the summer season, while zinc remained within acceptable levels but showed higher concentrations in winter. Significant exceedances of lead and cadmium were also observed, particularly in summer, suggesting potential contamination from industrial or agricultural sources. Statistical analysis revealed significant seasonal differences in the concentrations of some studied elements.

These findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and improved water management practices in the region to protect public health and ensure the sustainability of freshwater resources.

This study explores the economic dimension of Turkish-Russian relations in the context of the Syrian conflict. Prior to the conflict, both countries enjoyed a robust economic partnership grounded in energy trade, construction, and tourism. However, the outbreak of the Syrian war and the subsequent downing of a Russian jet by Turkey in 2015 severely strained this relationship, triggering economic sanctions and disruptions in bilateral trade. Despite these setbacks, both nations demonstrated resilience by compartmentalizing economic and political tensions, leading to a gradual recovery marked by renewed energy cooperation and trade normalization. By analyzing projects such as Turk Stream and Akkuyu, alongside trade data and sanction impacts, this paper highlights the dynamics of economic interdependence in shaping foreign policy behavior. The study uses a qualitative analytical approach supported by liberal theory, particularly the concept of complex interdependence, to explain how economic interests mitigated political confrontations.

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Peace and blessings be upon Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions.
This research focuses on introducing the jurists of the Al-Maqboul family and highlighting their contributions to Islamic jurisprudence. The family is considered one of the most prominent scholarly lineages in Yemen. The study adopts a documentary and inductive methodology to trace the authorship of their works, verify their attribution, and identify available manuscript and printed copies. All references and quotations were carefully documented through footnotes.

The research is structured around two main sections:

• The first defines relevant terms and concepts.
• The second presents the juristic efforts of Al-Maqboul scholars.

The aim is to shed light on this distinguished scholarly family and showcase their contributions in the field of Islamic jurisprudence.

The research concludes with a set of recommendations emphasizing the importance of preserving and publishing this rich intellectual heritage.Keywords: Al-Maqboul, Islamic Jurisprudence, Scholarly Contributions.

Moravia’s strategic location in the midst of a vast mass of Slavic tribes led to intense competition between Byzantium, the Frankish kingdom, and the Papacy in Rome, over who would have the lead in extending their religious influence in Moravia. This was because the extension of spiritual influence in a region meant the extension of political influence to it as well, which the Moravian rulers realized and sought to deal with and benefit from. Therefore, this study addressed the conflict that took place on the land of Moravia between the three powers, and how the Moravians succeeded in achieving the greatest amount of gains at the expense of all these parties. This is evident through the discussion of the Byzantine mission that Byzantium sent to Moravia, led by the brothers Constantine and Methodius in 862 AD, and its results were of great importance to the Moravians and the Byzantines as well.

The relationship of man with the place is a relation having an influential dimension. For the place contributes in forming man’s consciousness of his existence and imprints his thought and his identity. Some critics viewed that understanding the environment and the place in which he lived can contribute in disclosing the componets of his creative works.

The autobiography in its literary structure is considered as a time-place art[3]. Thus the retrieval of the place in it is not considered as an accidental retrieval , but rather it is built on the effect of this place on the creative person. The seeking by the creative person of understanding the landmarks of the place which had become a part of his childhood and his past is an evidence of the status which the place is still carrying in himself.

Understanding the manifestations of the place in the biography “ The First Well’ by the man of letters and artist Jabra Ibrahim Jabra comes in the context of the fact that this biography is a biography of place in its formation. Jabra attempted to show the influence of the childhood places on himself despite the length of the time distance which separated him from these places, knowing that he wrote this biography in 1993, and he was then living in Baghdad the stage of which was connected with another biography which came to carry the title “ The Street Of The Princesses.”

Thus the researcher in the manifestations of the place in the above-mentioned biography of Jabra can see Bethlehem in the period of the 1920s and the 1930s of the past century , whereby it is manifested in its neighborhoods, streets, churches, monasteries and cottages. He can also have a glimpse of Jerusalem and some of its entrances and gates. All of this is in the context of specifying his relationship with this places and their effect on his consciousness.

Perhaps the presence of Bethlehem in his biography is connected with his feeling of prestige, whereby he says:” Bethlehem which joins in its bends the cradle of Christ makes its natives feel prestigious , either because of this or because the faith of others in it.”

Also the presence of Jerusalem with some of its components and neighborhoods is a presence of a city having a status in himself, whereby no any other city has replaced it. For Jerusalem is the title of his homeland which remained carved in his memory. This was expressed by the man of letters and novelist Abdul-rahman Muneef Al-Razzaz in his introducing of the book “The First Well.” He says: “ Jabra since he had arrived in Iraq used to say in a sonorous voice that Iraq is an extension of the homeland in which he believes and which he loves but it is not an alternative for Palestine, the land of olive trees.”[4](jabra,2007,8) .

The study aimed to assess the extent to which Islamic education teachers at the secondary level in the Capital Secretariat of Sana’a practice creative thinking skills, in light of variables such as gender, academic qualification, teaching experience, and type of education (public/private). The findings revealed that the overall estimation of teachers regarding their practice of creative thinking skills was “moderate,” with a mean score of 3.20 and a relative weight of 64.09%. Among the skills, “fluency” was the most practiced, followed by “flexibility,” while “originality” was the least practiced. The findings revealed no statistically significant differences in teachers’ estimations of their practice of creative thinking skills based on gender, type of education, qualification, or teaching experience. Integrate creative thinking skills and their indicators into training programs for Islamic education teachers. Enhance teachers’ capacity to foster students’ creative thinking through targeted professional development. Develop practical guides on strategies and methods for promoting creative thinking in Islamic education. 

This study aims to analyze the impact of weak corporate governance on the quality of financial reporting in the Libyan context, while examining the role of internal audit effectiveness as a mediating variable in this relationship. Using a procedural applied methodology, a questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and social media platforms on a sample consisting of administrators, supervisors, internal auditors, and investors in a number of Libyan companies. The study included three main variables: weak governance, through indicators such as weak independence, the absence of governance committees, and low transparency, as the primary independent variable; and the quality of financial reports related to accuracy, reliability, timeliness, and transparency, as the primary dependent variable, through another mediating dependent variable, the effectiveness of internal audit, which includes independence and the efficiency of the monitoring and documentation system. The results indicated that weak governance negatively impacts the quality of financial reporting, while the effectiveness of internal audit contributes to mitigating this negative impact. The value of the beta coefficient for the relationship between weak governance and quality of reports was (0.45) with a value of T=5.62 and a significant significance (P<0.0001), while the effect of internal audit as an intervening variable was (Beta=0.52, T=7.43, P<0.0001). The study recommends enhancing the application of governance principles and activating the role of internal audit to ensure the quality and reliability of financial reports in Libyan companies, especially in an economic environment characterized by regulatory and supervisory challenges.

This study investigate how social media networks can help improve the speaking and writing skills of students learning English as a Second Language (ESL) in intermediate schools in Northwest Syria· In a region affected by conflict, the research explores how digital platforms impact students’ language learning, motivation, and classroom participation ·Using a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, the study examines how students use platforms like WhatsApp, YouTube, and Facebook to build vocabulary, become more fluent in writing, and gain confidence in speaking English· While the results show clear benefits, the study also highlights ongoing challenges, such as limited access to technology, lack of teacher training, and the emotional effects of displacement and conflict The study recommends including structured, curriculum-based activities using social media, improving digital access, and offering teacher training· These steps are important to make the most of social media as a useful learning tool—especially in areas where traditional educational resources are limited· In the end, this study hopes to help develop better and more adaptable ways to support language learning for students living in difficult situations·

This study aimed to assess the environmental impact of irrigation with untreated wastewater on soil contamination by heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in a region crossed by a wadi used as a drainage canal. Soil samples were collected at two distances (0 m and 100 m) on either side of the wadi. The results show that the average lead (Pb) concentrations at 0 m were 0.0381 mg/L on the right and 0.0407 mg/L on the left, compared to 0.0306 mg/L and 0.0364 mg/L, respectively, at 100 m. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) on the right side, but not significant on the left side (p > 0.05). Cadmium (Cd) levels are alarming, reaching 0.2254 mg/L at 0 m versus 0.1862 mg/L at 100 m on the left bank, with a highly significant difference (p < 0.01). On the right bank, the differences are not significant, although the concentrations far exceed the WHO standard (0.003 mg/L). Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) show relatively stable concentrations: 0.1992–0.1996 mg/L for Cu and 0.1932–0.1978 mg/L for Zn, with no significant differences between the distances (p > 0.05). These results highlight widespread and persistent soil contamination, requiring enhanced environmental monitoring, metal stabilization, and the use of phytoremediation techniques.

A soil evaluation was conducted in the Al-Haniya area, north of Jabal Al-Akhdar, to determine its optimal agricultural use. The study area represents approximately 2,445 hectares, divided into 24 sites with various patterns of current agricultural use. Soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis, and the Micro LEIS computer program was used to assess the soil’s suitability for use in producing specific crops that match its characteristics. Optimal alternatives were deduced to maximize economic benefits from this area. The study concluded that there are varying degrees of suitability for the crops identified in the Micro LEIS program, in addition to tomatoes. The results showed that the soils are highly suitable for growing wheat, corn and tomatoes, with a suitability rate of 21.51% of the total studied soils. It also showed that the determining factors for production in the region are depth, texture and carbonates. As for melon cultivation, the highly suitable soils (S2t) were found at 2.65% of the total area, which depends mainly on soil texture. As for peach, olive and citrus trees, which gave a result of (S2ptc) with an area of ​​62 hectares and a rate of 2.53%, and the determining factor for production is depth, texture and carbonates. The proposed alternatives in the study area include two main alternatives, which are growing wheat and barley and maintaining and preserving natural forests, as growing wheat and barley is one of the economically and socially acceptable alternatives for farmers in the study area, in addition to a number of other alternatives to a lesser degree.

This study explores the emergence of the Islamic Resistance Movement “Hamas” within the historical, political, and social context that shaped its foundation in the Palestinian territories, particularly in the Gaza Strip in the late 1980s. The movement was launched in December 1987 with the outbreak of the First Palestinian Intifada, as a branch of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine, combining religious, social, and resistance-oriented activities against the Israeli occupation.

The research focuses on the political transformations undergone by Hamas—from its early stance as a resistance movement rejecting political engagement, to its participation in the 2006 legislative elections, followed by its takeover of the Gaza Strip in 2007, which triggered a lasting Palestinian political division. The study also highlights Hamas’s attempts to build regional and international relations and strike a balance between armed resistance and political engagement.

Furthermore, the research examines the challenges the movement has faced—whether in its relationship with the Palestinian Authority and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), or in its regional interactions with states such as Iran, Turkey, Qatar, and Egypt. The study sheds light on Hamas’s ideological and political revisions, and how these have influenced its discourse, with particular focus on its 2017 political document as an indicator of this transformation.