This study, entitled "Protecting Palestinian Women's Right to Run for Legislative Elections," aims to demonstrate the extent of Palestinian legislators' interest in the issue of women's right to run for legislative elections, as stipulated in General Elections Law No. (9) of 2005 and Decree-Law No. (1) of 2007 and its amendments. It also reviews the nature of this protection and its mechanisms according to the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence and Palestinian legislation.

In this study, the researcher examines the extent to which Palestinian legislative texts and Islamic jurisprudence contribute to guaranteeing women's right to run for legislative elections, and the need for additional legislative guarantees to ensure women's candidacy in legislative elections.

In his study, the researcher followed a comparative analytical approach. He analyzed relevant Palestinian legal texts, particularly the Palestinian Basic Law and Law No. (9) of 2005 regarding elections, comparing them with the provisions of Decree-Law No. (1) of 2007 regarding elections and its amendments, and the repealed Elections Law No. (13) of 1995. The researcher compared these texts with the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence through an in-depth study, highlighting and evaluating similarities and differences.

In conclusion, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, most notably that the formation of the Central Elections Committee constitutes an important guarantee in protecting women's right to run for office, preserving the democratic process, and ensuring its integrity. However, it alone is insufficient without judicial protection. Among the most prominent recommendations reached by the study is the recommendation to add an article to the Basic Law specifying a minimum of 30% representation for women in the Legislative Council, thus transforming the women's quota from a candidate quota to a constitutional quota, ensuring a more equitable percentage of women's representation.

Understanding religion is one of the most excellent acts of worship and devotion. God has created sincere scholars for every generation. The early jurists, may God have mercy on them, were pioneers in this field, due to the nobility of their knowledge and the loftiness of their aspirations. They diligently addressed issues, clarified them, and documented them.

Islamic manuscripts are a treasure trove of Islamic civilization and a jewel of its culture, as they document the nation's knowledge and recorded their information in various Islamic fields. Among these fields was jurisprudence. Among these is the book "Hashiyat al-Ziyadi 'ala Sharh al-Manhaj" (A Commentary on al-Ziyadi's Commentary on the Method), written by Imam Ali ibn Yahya al-Ziyadi (d. 1024 AH), an indispensable resource for scholars and learners alike.

The volume before us begins with the first chapter on Hajj and ends with the chapter on the option of defect. I began this work with a brief introduction that included the importance of the manuscript, the reasons that prompted me to edit it, the specifics of the section to be edited, previous studies, the obstacles and difficulties of the research, the research plan, the author's method in writing it, and acknowledgments.

Then I followed it with the study section, which included a brief biography of the authors of the books Minhaj al-Talibin and Fath al-Wahhab, and then I gave a brief introduction to the books Minhaj al-Talibin and Umdat al-Muftiin, and Fath al-Wahhab explaining Minhaj al-Talibin, their importance, and the scholars’ attention to them. Then I gave a biography of the author of this book, Imam al-Ziyadi, beginning with his name, lineage, title, birth, and upbringing. Then I mentioned some of his most famous sheikhs and students, his scientific status, and the scholars’ praise of him. Then I concluded by mentioning his scientific works and his death. Then I gave an introduction to the book (Hashiya al-Ziyadi on Sharh al-Manhaj), meaning Minhaj al-Talibin by Zakariya al-Ansari, including a study of the title of the book and the attribution of the book to its author. Then I explained the importance of the book and its resources. Then I mentioned the book’s advantages and criticisms, followed by the investigation section.

Allah the Almighty has commanded us to contemplate His creations, reflect on His fine craftsmanship, and use our minds, thoughts, and conscience to understand their meanings. Among these creatures are livestock, which have the ability to convert the plants they eat into a long chain of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that humans need in their food, such as milk and meat. Therefore, this study was designed to collect and write the latest scientific findings in the field of the biochemical composition of livestock milk (camels, cows, sheep, and goats). It is expected that the results extracted from this study will contribute to increasing nutritional information about milk, benefiting from the proposed recommendations, and applying them in educational and awareness programs on the one hand, in addition to reviewing and explaining the scientific miracle of the milk of these livestock on the other hand. We hope that Allah the Almighty will benefit many with it, and that it will be purely for His sake, for He is the best Master and the best Supporter.

This research talks about writing, its tools, its origin, stages of development and spread in the pre-Islamic era. Since writing is a means of communication between people, and a facility that helps and benefits them in their lives, it is necessary to remind them of the experiences and works of their ancestors. If it were not for written books, immortal news and handwritten wisdom, most of the knowledge would have been lost, and the power of forgetfulness would have prevailed over the power of remembrance. It is useful to remember writing, its tools, its origin and stages of development. Therefore, the researcher wanted to devote an independent research; He discusses the spread of writing in the pre-Islamic era, drawing on historical, religious, and literary books to complete this research. He also relied on a number of references and sources, particularly the book "Sources of Pre-Islamic Poetry and Their Historical Value" by Nasir al-Din al-Asad.

In the first section, the researcher discusses the origin and development of Arabic script, dots, diacritics, and the teaching and spread of writing in the pre-Islamic era, as well as the extent of Arabs' knowledge of various types of knowledge during the pre-Islamic era and the knowledge of the pre-Islamic era. In the second section, he discusses the topics of writing, its tools, and its uses.

The method followed by the researcher in writing this research is the historical method, which relies on the investigation of historical information.

The study aimed to investigate the use of folklore in school life activities from the perspective of trainee teachers at the Regional Centers for Education and Training Professions. To this end, the researcher prepared a robust questionnaire consisting of fourteen paragraphs, divided into four main axes. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of (84) male and female trainee teachers at the Regional Center for Education and Training Professions, Beni Mellal-Khenifra Region, Khenifra Branch, Morocco, during the 2021-2022 training year.

The results showed that (52%) of the respondents had joined educational clubs during their educational journey, and (93%) of them expressed a significant degree of benefit from the training within the school life component. A percentage of them, estimated at (96%), expressed a desire to develop activities based on folklore after graduating from the center and being appointed to educational institutions.

In light of this, the researcher recommended the necessity of taking advantage of the potential offered by popular heritage in activating the roles of school life, building its activities, and supporting its functions, with a view to improving the roles of the Moroccan school so that it becomes full of life and open to its heritage and surroundings.

Photovoltaic is one of many commonly used to generate   power in renewable field in the world.  The solar cells performance affected when the temperature getting higher than Standard Test Conditions (STC, 25oC, AM1.5, 1000w/m2.).  Solar radiation, ambient temperature [5,6,8], the deposited dust [8] , and shading have an important role effects increase the surface temperature of the solar panels, the solar panel back temperature may reaches 70oC.  Temperature decreases power generated by the solar cells by decreasing Open-circuit voltage (Voc) nevertheless, the short circuit current (Isc) increases. The PV cells suffer efficiency drop as their operating temperature increases due to changing on I, and Voc which caused by corresponding of changing of energy band gap [1][3][4][5][13].  The objective of this simulation is to identify the temperature effect on the solar PV power generation.  In this paper used PVsyst to simulate a polycrystalline solar module (285W,72 cells). Characteristic parameters of selected photovoltaic modules, which are, Short-circuit current (Isc), Open-circuit voltage (Voc) and Maximum power (Pmax). These parameters are determined by varying the module’s temperature, while irradiation is at STC.

This research revolves around the extent to which the act of a husband forcing his wife to have sexual intercourse is subject to the provisions of Islamic jurisprudence and law. Its primary objective is to shed light on the right to sexual intercourse as a shared right between spouses arising from the covenant that binds them, highlighting the limits set by Islamic jurisprudence for enjoying this right, clarifying the legal ruling on the use of coercion in the exercise of this right by the husband, and highlighting the position of Moroccan and comparative law on this matter. This research has reached important results, namely that Islamic jurisprudence has addressed the mutual right between spouses, represented by sexual intercourse, by defining its limits. However, it has not addressed the issue of a husband forcing his wife to have lawful sexual intercourse, nor has it any effect on this act. The claim that a husband has the right to have sexual intercourse against his wife contradicts the objectives of Islamic law regarding marriage and is also inconsistent with the principles of justice and fairness. The study also highlighted the failure of Moroccan law, as is the case with most other Arab legislation and some Western legislation, to address the issue of a husband having sexual intercourse with his wife against his will, whether within the framework of personal status laws or criminal laws. This contrasts with French law, which explicitly criminalizes this act under the umbrella of what is known as marital rape.

God Almighty created man in the best stature and surrounded him with various blessings, including immediate and deferred blessings, known and hoped-for, apparent and hidden, material and spiritual, and countless others. Blessings are not of equal weight, and their true nature can only be known through revelation. Thus, God Almighty made knowledge of them the highest of blessings, while He placed the well-being of the body below them. This is because the value of pleasures is only known by their outcome. God Almighty has established means for attaining and preserving these blessings, while He has also explained the causes of their loss and His laws in this regard. All of this serves the purpose of human existence and explains the paths and pitfalls. If the Qur'an is the greatest gateway to knowledge, in that it is the word of God, to which falsehood cannot approach from before or behind, then exploring the depths of its concepts and the scientific issues and questions they contain requires examining the sources of its words and the conceptual frameworks within them in the verses of the Qur'an and the authentic texts of the Sunnah, and studying them according to a solid scientific methodology.

While each topic has its own specific method, I believe the most correct way to study Qur'anic concepts and issues is to adopt a descriptive method based on terminological study, as this is the most correct approach. The research process according to this method involves examining the texts in which the term "blessing" appears in the Holy Qur'an, followed by studying the meanings in linguistic and technical dictionaries to understand the meanings surrounding the linguistic root, the significance of its usage in the texts of revelation, and the related explanations. All of this is done with the aim of extracting the characteristics and scientific issues related to the studied term, including its causes, types, obstacles, levels, and other aspects.

This research discusses the Zakat obligation and its importance for Tunisian investment at the economic, social and developmental levels. This obligation is addressed as a solution for economic growth from several aspects. I began the research by clarifying and explaining the most important terms (such as Zakat, investment and economic development). Then, in the second section, I demonstrated the importance of Zakat in the Tunisian economy as a primary element and proposed a Zakat Office as a secondary element in this section. The third section was devoted to discussing the role of Zakat in the process of social and economic development, including combating poverty, equitable distribution of wealth, increasing social welfare, and its role in combating unemployment and supporting investment. Finally, the fourth section was devoted to investing Zakat funds, presenting the opinions of those who permit and those who prohibit it, favoring those who permit investment, and demonstrating the importance of investing non-urgent Zakat funds and its role in revitalizing the national economy and driving growth and development. I also highlighted the importance of this investment and the Zakat institution at the social level and its role in achieving stability and class balance.

Appropriate geomorphological indicators were used to evaluate the tectonic activity of the study area. Geomorphological indicators such as: Asymmetry Index (AF), Topographic Symmetry Factor (T), Stream Slope Index (SL), Mountain Front Curvature (Smf), and Valley Floor Width to Valley Height (VF) ratio in the Tobruk area were calculated. The indices measured for each front were then combined to obtain the unit index as an index of active tectonics (IAT). 16% were high, 47% were moderate, and 37% were low. This tectonic activity resulted from the region being affected by existing structures represented by the coastal folds of the Butnan Plateau, strike-slip faults, and subsurface faults, which resulted from tectonic activity that produced a series of convex folds (coastal terraces) and concave folds represented by semi-playa basins between these terraces, which arose through the activation of surface erosion and sedimentation processes, which evaluated this geological action. This indicates that the region is characterized by variations in tectonic activity.

The current research aims to identify the level of adjustment disorder among displaced Yemeni women in Sana'a Governorate and the capital, and to identify the differences in the level of adjustment disorder according to the variable (age, educational level - marital status - duration of displacement). The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (500) displaced women who were selected randomly by stratified method. The researcher used the adjustment disorder scale that she prepared. The research results showed that the level of adjustment disorder was high. The results showed differences in the level of adjustment disorder among displaced women in the variable of educational levels in favor of illiterate and less educated women, and also statistically significant differences according to the variable of displacement duration in favor of the longer period. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of adjustment disorder according to the variable (age, marital status). The researcher recommends establishing guidance and treatment programs to reduce the level of adjustment disorder among displaced Yemeni women and educate them about the importance of healthy adjustment and how to achieve it in life, setting plans, setting goals and striving to achieve them as much as possible, discovering and enhancing strengths, developing weaknesses, and developing abilities, skills and potentials to achieve healthy adjustment. The researcher also recommends The researcher calls on decision-makers and authorities to provide more psychological, social, and service support to help displaced women secure their needs and create a healthy and psychologically sound environment for better adjustment and to find solutions to the problems resulting from displacement.

Praise be to God, who has guided us to Islam and taught us wisdom and the Qur'an. May God's prayers and peace be upon His servant and Messenger, Muhammad, and upon his pure and virtuous family and companions. Now then:

This is a scholarly thesis submitted for a Master's degree in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Principles. It is a study and verification of a portion of "Hashiyat al-Ziyadi 'ala Sharh al-Manhaj" (A Commentary on the Explanation of the Method) by the scholar Nur al-Din Ali ibn Yahya al-Ziyadi, who died in 1024 AH. The volume at hand begins with the Book of Purification and ends with the chapter on the Adhan and the Iqama.

I began this work with a brief introduction that included the importance of the manuscript, the reasons that prompted me to verify it, the specifics of the section to be verified, previous studies, the obstacles and difficulties of the research, the verification plan, the author's method in composing it, and acknowledgments.

Then I followed it with the study section, which included a brief biography of the authors of the two books, Minhaj al-Talibin and Fath al-Wahhab. Then I gave a brief introduction to the two books, Minhaj al-Talibin and Umdat al-Muftiin, and Fath al-Wahhab, explaining Minhaj al-Talibin, their importance, and the scholars’ attention to them. Then I gave a biography of the author of this commentary, Imam Nur al-Din al-Ziyadi, beginning with his name, lineage, title, birth, and upbringing. Then I mentioned some of his most famous sheikhs and students, his scientific status, and the scholars’ praise of him. I concluded by mentioning his scientific works and his death. Then I gave a definition of (al-Ziyadi’s commentary on Sharh al-Manhaj), i.e., Minhaj al-Talibin by Zakariya al-Ansari, including a study of the title of the commentary, its attribution to its author, and I explained its importance, its resources, and the author’s approach to it. Then I mentioned its advantages and criticisms, followed by the investigation section.

This is a study of: "The meaning of the word "huda" (guidance) in the Qur'anic system, and its grammatical positions, compilation and study." The word "huda" (guidance) appears in the Qur'anic system more than forty times. I discussed its type, origin, and its rules in terms of inflection and construction, its morphology and inflection, its masculine and feminine forms, its inflectional inflection, and its significance in the Qur'anic system. The linguistic meaning of the word "huda" has varied, appearing in seventeen different ways, including:

clarification, the religion of Islam, faith, supplication, knowledge, command, guidance, messengers and books, the Qur'an, the Torah, success, and monotheism... For each of the aforementioned meanings, I cited more than one example from the Holy Qur'an, and I also pointed out in the study what the meaning of which is not known. This: Its grammatical position varies according to its position in speech. Sometimes it comes in the nominative case, sometimes in the accusative case, sometimes in the genitive case, and sometimes it can have more than one grammatical position. This study consists of an introduction, a preface, four chapters, a conclusion, and a list of the most important sources and references.

The paper aimed to address the issue of youth and community capacity building. The researcher sought to address the concept of capacity building, reviewing approaches such as the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Francophone approaches. He also addressed the experience of the Child Development Organization in building the capacity of youth and communities, reviewing the Community Resilience Building Project, a project supported by the European Union. The researcher used a descriptive approach to describe the activities of the Child Development Organization, Kassala Office. The researcher concluded that the steps taken by the Child Development Organization to identify the needs of youth and their capabilities were achieved through personal interviews and controlled focus groups before designing activities and after implementing activities during the evaluation process. It became clear to the researcher that the organization has professional and scientific knowledge of the practical steps of building the capacity of youth and communities. The researcher also concluded that voluntary civil society organizations work according to a scientific program based on knowledge and practical support in capacity building. After reviewing the results of the field survey carried out by the Child Development Organization in partnership with the Swiss CARE organization and all relevant government agencies, the Qandoul Network, and the Women's Associations Umbrella, it became clear that the organization pays great attention to the capacity building process and that it follows scientific methods to achieve this. It also combines working with individuals, building their capacities, and supporting them individually. It also supports building the capacities of communities and supporting them.

There are many areas of research, the most important of which is research related to the Holy Quran because it provides salvation and success in this world and the hereafter, and being far from it causes misery in both. There is a great shortcoming on the part of scholars and researchers in the field of scientific miracles, despite the many scientific discoveries in the universe, and the many Quranic verses that speak of and call for contemplation and reflection on cosmic verses. This door has been invaded - in our time - by some; some of them: the good and some: the bad. So, with this research, I wanted to set controls for researchers in this field, with a desire to guide and enlighten this work, and to take action against those who are not good at it. I did this by gathering the controls of scientific research into the miracles of the Holy Quran in this research, dividing it into an introduction and three sections: Section One: The originality of inference and citing cosmic verses. Section Two: The importance of scientific research into the miracles of the Holy Quran and its role and impact. Section Three: The controls that the researcher must adhere to, with examples. Then, the conclusion, results, and recommendations.

    This study undertakes an evaluative review of the Algerian Dinar exchange rate policies from its inception in 1964 to the year 2022. The historical method was employed to present a chronological sequence of legal texts and monetary reforms. Additionally, a descriptive and analytical approach was used to provide insight into these policies, Through this study, it becomes evident that Algeria has shown a keen interest in the issue of the Algerian exchange rate vis-à-vis foreign currencies and the extent to which it has chosen the most successful policy to stimulate commercial transaction

activity. However, the effectiveness of the adopted policy depends on Algeria’s available resources and the level of economic resilience in the face of international economic changes. And despite all the reforms that the Algerian banking system has witnessed, it still faces significant challenges and suffers from shortcomings that necessitate further reforms to align with the transformations and changes occurring in the local and international banking environment.

Many studies and researches have devoted themselves to understanding and interpreting the aesthetic energy inherent in the poems of "Rawd al-Zaytoun" (The Garden of Olives) by the Moroccan poet Muhammad ibn Ibrahim. Critic Ahmed al-Yabouri has expanded critical consideration of these poems, and consequently, constructed aesthetic horizons for them. However, basing his interpretation on the assumption that the conceptual and imaginative data in the poet's poetic writing are based on their historical, social, and psychological existence, has led us, in this study, to believe that discovering or identifying the formative elements of a poet's texts can only be achieved through extra-textual data; these data represent the intentionality of poetic expression.

Therefore, we assume that Ahmed al-Yabouri's engagement with the poet Ibn Ibrahim's texts and their referential background can only be achieved through open interaction with the time of the poetic events, with all their linguistic, structural, and semantic components.

This paper aimed to explore the future of Islamic securities in Sudan at present, and to identify investment instruments and securities, particularly since Sudan's experience in investing in Islamic securities has proven its effectiveness, making this topic important from both a theoretical and practical perspective.

The paper followed a descriptive and analytical approach and reached conclusions, the most important of which is that Islamic securities are characterized by a high degree of flexibility and realism, making them based on participation rather than debt. This confirms the ease of investing in them and their development. The paper emphasized the existence of an investment climate for Islamic securities within the general political, security, and economic framework, as well as the set of laws and regulations that govern and regulate the investment process. The more a country enjoys political and security stability, a sound economy, and the more consistent its legislation, laws, regulations, and investment-regulating structures are, the more its efficiency in managing the economy improves and investment activity flourishes, and vice versa.

The paper reached recommendations, including creating a suitable climate for investment in Islamic securities and an attractive legislative environment in light of the current changes in the Sudanese economy.

Despite several interventions over the years, sanitation coverage remains low; statistics on sanitation have proven that very few of these beneficiaries commence the construction of latrines. The question that, then, needs to be asked is why there is low sanitation coverage even when beneficiaries are provided with all the necessary inputs and materials. In recent years, program implementers have provided households and communities with materials for the construction of latrines but District statistics on sanitation have proven that very few of these beneficiaries commence the construction of latrines, let alone complete construction in the ward.
This study aimed to determine factors that prevent communities’ adaption to hygiene and sanitation through the Ministry of Health’s extension campaigns and Non-governmental organization programs in South Kordofan State- El-Abassiya Host Communities. A descriptive study was conducted and covered 375 study participants (Quantitative Data) and findings were analyzed using SPSS. Findings highlighted Behavior Change Factors such as (42.1%) disposal of solid waste on the nearest road. (51.8%) had participated in hygiene promotion sessions mainly in 2020, (27.2%) mentioned that the Ministry of Health was the main facilitator of the session, and (37.1%) attended more than three sessions. (98.4%) of participants wash their hands with soap.

All of the participants were using hand pumps as the main source of drinking water. Also, Socio-Cultural Factors were shown as (91.7%) treated their drinking water, and (8.5%) used safe water storage containers. The findings also mentioned Environmental Factors as (54.9%) didn’t have Latrines (and 30.2%) of those who had latrines reported a duration of construction of more than five years. In socio-economic factors (67.7%). reported having livestock in the house -, (51.5%) reported positive changes following public health promotion. The qualitative data source was interviews with five NGOs working in WASH activities and their  Sustainability factors, approximately most of the host community ensured the importance of the physical gradual termination of the NGO’s program by many approaches like our participatory approach links to exit technical service and insinuation builds private sectors capacities, either during or after the project, the formed committee was responsible for mobilizing and supporting the involved community in all projects, and also support all activities that achieved behavior change within the community and Conclusion and recommendations, in organizational factors, The 5 organizations agreed that the hygiene practices did not improve due to insufficient supply of water for household use, Extend the duration of the project more than one year to achieve sustainability issues and to retain the concept of desire behavior change. WASH Project implementers to hold health awareness programs aimed at changing the behavior of the community, especially on sanitation and hygiene programs. WASH Project implementers to provide adequate resources that are enough to benefit more community members to increase coverage.

The Republic of Mali is the heir to major empires and kingdoms in the Western Sudan region – now known as West Africa – including the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Segui. These empires were politically, economically, and militarily powerful, ruling for centuries and decades and controlling vast swaths of the region before their fall. They were succeeded by less powerful and less sovereign kingdoms, such as the Fulani Kingdom of Massina, the Bambara Kingdom, the Moshi Kingdom, and other kingdoms that the region knew, which continued until colonialism came and put an end to their rule. Colonialism became the sole ruler during a period in which those who resisted resisted and others surrendered. After intense struggle and resistance, Africa gained its independence. Colonialism drew imaginary borders and divided its lands to facilitate its continued control, in one way or another. The Republic of Mali's share was the area bounded to the east by the Republic of Niger, the Republic of Burkina Faso in the southeast, the Republic of Senegal and Guinea Conakry in the west, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania in the northwest, the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) in the south, and the Algerian Democratic Republic in the north. Since independence, the Republic of Mali has taken its own policy without a firm grip. Many different segments and classes have participated in it, each in their own way, including politicians, soldiers, and even clerics. The latter, that is, the practice of clerics in politics, or—in short—the relationship between religion and politics, is something that has been discussed by many researchers, writers, and scholars. The researcher saw no objection to contributing his two cents to shed light on some of what has been obscure, or reveal some of what has been hidden.

This research came with the title: (parking stakes) to show what is focused on (names), and this section is considered the second section of the names, knowing that if we divide the names to: (sizes – pans – segments). We do not enter (reward); Because assertion is one of the peculiarities of actions. Also, this research came to the rumor of common grammatical errors in our daily life, because the stakes are the most common circulation among people, compared to the defenses and grooves of the names. And the positions cannot exceed five nests, just as the attributes cannot exceed seven things, and this is good for the seeker of knowledge, if he knows that there is no raised except for this seven, and if he knows that there is no stipulated except for these fifteen conveniences.
Through the study, it turns out that all of these phases are names that have no verb, a letter. Through the study, there is nothing in the Arabic language erected outside of these fifteen, namely: its effect, the source, the function of time, the function of the place, the state, the visibility, the exception, the name of no, the caller, the effect for it, the effect with it, and the news of it and its sisters and its sisters. , And the name of that and her sisters, and which is affiliated with the essence, which are: adjective, kindness, affirmation, and allowance. And the result of the manner is one of the one; Because if we had four, we became eight. Perhaps some of the grammarians in this arrangement have forgotten one thing; Because we find this number fourteen. What appears to me is that this one forgotten thing is (the effect of thinking and its sisters), as they are enemies.

We are going to try through this study to show the reasons for the emergence of one of the most important Islamic sciences, the science of faith. We are going to refer to its various principles, starting from its essence to the reasons for its emergence and development, and then the most important methods of inference in it, which is known as the method. This science occupies an important place in the Islamic system of knowledge and science as it is closely linked to the heart. This is what is meant by the same belief without working for the individual to be that pure monotheism of God Almighty. 

This research is entitled (Proof of the Crime of Theft by Modern Evidence) and I followed an inductive-deductive approach. During this research, it became clear to me that the pure Islamic Sharia has prescribed limits to preserve the five objectives of Sharia: religion, life, mind, wealth, and honor. Allah Almighty has prescribed the amputation of the hand of a thief if the conditions for amputation are met. Due to the development of the means of theft in this era, evidence of proof in the crime of theft from the genetic fingerprint has developed, but we do not rely on it to prove the crime of theft, and this is the most likely opinion. Contemporary jurists have agreed that the genetic fingerprint is evidence of proof in crimes that do not have a prescribed punishment or retaliation, and the use of tracking dogs. It is not permissible to rely on the results of a lie detector alone to prove a crime. Likewise, it is not permissible to rely on truth serum or hypnosis, according to the most likely opinion, to prove the crime of theft.

In this research, we detailed the types of privacy, its types, shapes, methods of use and effects, and how to preserve it through specific techniques and conditions to follow. It also demonstrates how social media sites, Internet piracy and smart devices affect our lives and how they violate privacy like YouTube Facebook, etc. In addition, the privacy that we miss today is due to much of the technological development that is taking place in our lives that did not exist in ancient times, where the issue of preserving our privacy has become a challenge in light of the ongoing technological development that violates it. In conclusion, we have added some recommendations that should be followed to reduce the harm caused by the use of the Internet and social media sites in general in hacking privacy and its impact on us.

This study addresses the impact of French military doctrine in Equatorial Africa after having created it for objectives consistent with its interests.

Military initiation was created in the center of Africa after independence in 1960 at the direction of France. The agents recruited are mostly from those who participated in the two world wars and who underwent training during these periods.

The objectives and goals of the institution which was created in its early periods were oriented for the general interest in Equatorial Africa.

Unfortunately, its objectives and goals are diverted to other external ends.

Furthermore, the military institution in equatorial Africa does not conform to patriotic standards since its creation until today .