Sustainable development seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This means creating a balance between the current and future needs of the population. A growing population and its diverse needs strain the country's resources, necessitating sustainable practices. Their implementation often requires ongoing collaboration between various organizations at all levels.

Spatial information systems are a multidisciplinary integration tool that brings together information and experts from diverse and disparate backgrounds. These technologies enable the broad sharing of information and ideas related to meeting the population's resource needs, planning for efficient land use, and protecting the environment to ensure the survival of future generations.

Libya, like other developing countries, has long suffered from rapid population growth in cities, leading to uncontrolled expansion given the limited spatial structure of cities. Therefore, spatial development and land use planning remain a major concern for decision-makers regarding sustainable development plans. Libya faces numerous challenges and obstacles, most notably political and security instability, which has resulted in numerous social, economic, and environmental problems and obstacles.

This research paper sheds light on the most important challenges facing sustainable development plans in Libya and the ways in which modern technologies, particularly spatial information systems (SIS), can be used to overcome the difficulties facing decision-makers in confronting these challenges and obstacles.

Globalization and the scientific and technological transformations that the world has witnessed have placed various developing countries at a historical stage linked to the knowledge and science society. This places education in general, and school education in particular, at the forefront of the fields that, today more than ever, require the adoption of modern and practical strategies based on a comprehensive vision, primarily aimed at qualifying the school education sector and raising the quality of human resources.

The inclusion of information and communication technology in the educational field does not take the form of a new addition to teaching programs. Rather, it is a tool that gives the learning process an additional dimension, enabling learners to build a path for their learning in an effective and interactive manner. Furthermore, information and communication technology does not completely replace teachers; it assists them in their implementation by improving the learning activities they prepare. Accordingly, it is imperative that teachers be able to use new technologies in teaching effectively and methodically.

The study aimed to understand the role of business incubators, a modern mechanism for supporting small businesses by offering an integrated system of services. These incubators are currently receiving significant attention from developed countries, as they offer significant advantages to small businesses in the research community.

Business incubators are defined as an integrated set of services, facilities, support mechanisms, and advisory services provided by a legal entity that possesses the necessary expertise, communication capabilities, and mobility for the success of its mission. These institutions also provide services to individuals with entrepreneurial talent who wish to start their own small businesses, with the aim of alleviating the burdens of the startup phase. Incubated businesses are required to leave the incubator after the specified period and exit, making room for other small businesses that need this incubation during their founding stages. Furthermore, such institutions are essential for encouraging and nurturing innovation and entrepreneurial ideas and supporting technical specialization in small businesses.

It is well known that innovations, entrepreneurial ideas, and innovative projects have not been supported by public and private economic entities. Therefore, the need to use business incubators to support innovations, entrepreneurial ideas, and innovative projects has emerged, serving society through scientific research.

The paper reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of business incubator implementation mechanisms will contribute to serving the research community.

The paper also reached several recommendations, the most important of which is to benefit from countries' experiences in implementing and developing business incubators to serve the research community.

The current study sought to identify the challenges facing the application of artificial intelligence in Sudanese television by distributing a questionnaire to employees of the Sudanese National Television and obtaining their opinions on this matter. They represent the study sample of 70 participants. The most important results of the study were that nearly half of the sample members have been using artificial intelligence for more than 10 years. About two-thirds of the sample members do not agree with the complete replacement of human resources with artificial intelligence in the production of news materials. The percentage of those who see the importance of adopting artificial intelligence in order to provide an opportunity to modify the style of news writing was the highest percentage of those who see Sudanese television as being classified as backward or slow. The percentage of those who see the problems hindering the adoption of artificial intelligence as the lack of strategies to develop television production equipment was the highest percentage, and the same percentage of those who see it as the lack of interest of the responsible authorities in applying the ethics of using artificial intelligence. The solutions to these challenges came from both men and women in not being apprehensive about renewing the usual work style by adopting artificial intelligence technology and allocating sufficient budgets to adopt artificial intelligence technologies.

Nurturing university students with general talents is one of the most important requirements for building and advancing society. They constitute the foundation that provides society with specialized creative energies. Therefore, they represent an unparalleled human resource. Therefore, they must be identified and provided with appropriate care to unleash their creative potential and invest it in the right direction.

However, this requires identifying them and providing them with enriching environments according to a comprehensive and precise mechanism. This is what this research has concluded. This mechanism addresses their diagnosis according to an integrative approach, which takes into account the criteria of high academic achievement, intelligence of at least 85%, creative thinking, and the characteristics of a gifted personality, each of which should fall within the top quarter of the group to which they belong. The mechanism also includes methods of care, assessment, and requirements.

This study addresses the concept of cyber terrorism, its relationship to related terms, its characteristics, origins, causes, objectives, methods, and tools, while revealing its impact on the disruption of the five necessities and ways to combat it. The study adopted a descriptive and analytical approach in presenting its material, and reached a number of important results and useful recommendations.

The problem of the study was to know the effect of integration between open book accounting and lean production methods in reducing costs between suppliers and buyers, especially in light of the intense competition between companies. The study aimed to know the effect of open book accounting method on reducing costs and its ability to reduce product costs while creating mutual trust between suppliers and buyers when disclosing product costs. To achieve these goals, the study used regression analysis and reached several results, including that there is an integrated relationship between suppliers and buyers with the aim of reducing the final cost of the product. There is a relationship between open book accounting method and lean production in reducing costs with the aim of disclosing product costs to create trust between suppliers and buyers. The study recommended several recommendations, including the need to conduct scientific research that provides information on open book accounting and its relationship to reducing costs, and also the need for major industrial companies in Sudan to pay attention to applying open book accounting to reduce the cost between suppliers and buyers.

This study aimed to identify the impact of informational infographics on the communication activities industry in universities. (A survey study on the qualitative audience in the universities of the Arab world 2023 AD) The researcher used the descriptive survey method to conduct the study, and the tools of observation and electronic questionnaire to collect information. (83) respondents from the simple random sample participated in the study, in a number of universities in Arab countries. The study showed that infographics play a major and important role in changing the intellectual trends of the qualitative audience within Arab universities. And that the public relations departments in Arab universities are not familiar with the technical and scientific foundations followed in designing infographics to a sufficient extent that qualifies them to reflect their communication message. In addition to the general framework of the problem, the study included two variables: (informational infographics and communication activities). At the end of the paper, the researcher came out with several recommendations, the most important of which are: Qualifying the public relations departments in Arab universities, in terms of training, devices, and equipment, in order to master the technical and scientific foundations followed in designing infographics. The study also recommended linking this type of visual art to the websites of Arab universities to ensure the transfer of knowledge and expertise online.

The subject of our research falls within the framework of a legal guardianship that aims to look into the financial affairs of minors, which comes as a result of the person being placed under guardianship due to his lack of capacity or lack thereof. It is a special guardianship established by Sharia law, such as guardianship of marriage and guardianship over the person, such that the guardian or legal representative takes the place of the person under his guardianship in financial transactions or those related to money. Sharia law’s establishment of legal representation shows the extent of its concern for preserving and developing money, considering it a necessity of the six necessities that must be preserved[1]; And God Almighty establishes this noble purpose by saying: {And do not give to the foolish your property which God has made for you a means of support. Provide for them from it and clothe them and speak to them words of appropriate kindness. And test the orphans until they reach the age of marriage. Then if you perceive in them sound judgment, release their property to them. And do not consume it extravagantly and hastily, lest they grow old. And whoever is rich, let him abstain. And whoever is poor, let him abstain.} [If a person is poor, let him eat in moderation. And when you hand over their property to them, have witnesses against them. And sufficient is Allah as Accountant.] [2]

Accordingly, the legal guardian has been delegated, by virtue of this guardianship, powers that he exercises to bring benefit to his ward and ward off harm from him. He is one of those authorized to act in accordance with Islamic law, and he may also bear responsibilities as a result of harm or failure to fulfill his mandate. This is because the guardian's actions are contingent upon the best interests of the ward, in accordance with God Almighty's words: {And do not approach the property of an orphan, except in a way that is best}[3]. Anyone who has been granted guardianship over the property is bound by the obligation to be punitive and considerate, striving to achieve the best interests of the ward and prevent harm. If they act in an impermissible manner, they will be held accountable.

In this modest study, God willing, we will explore the powers and responsibilities of the legal representative, in light of the provisions of Maliki jurisprudence and the Family Code[4].

Keywords: Legal representative, powers, responsibilities, Maliki jurisprudence, Family Code

[1] / Imam Sidi Ibrahim Al-Laqqani said in his poem "Jawharat Al-Tawhid":

And the preservation of religion, lives, wealth, lineage, and similar rights are intellect and honor, is obligatory.

[2] / Surah An-Nisa, verses (5) and (6).

[3] / Surah Al-An'am, verse (152).

[4] / This is Moroccan Law No. 70.03, the Family Code, implemented by Royal Decree No. 1.04.22 issued on Dhu al-Hijjah 12, 1424 AH (February 3, 2004 AD).

This study aims to clarify the foundations and objectives of the right to water resources through what was addressed by many verses and hadiths that call for the preservation of the environment in which humans live, to preserve their lives and the lives of other living beings through the water year; because the preservation of water is considered a core objective of Islamic law, which came to make humanity happy and achieve the interests of servants. The research attempts to establish this; considering water one of the most important environmental assets, as well as highlighting a set of morals, rulings and legislation that preserve the survival and continuity of this important element. Islamic law, with all its rulings and actions, aims at general objectives through which it seeks to achieve human interests by bringing happiness to the individual and the group, which is noted through its axes to demonstrate the importance of water in life for humans in the present and the future.

This research, entitled “Ibn Ashur’s Jurisprudential Choices in the Most Famous Controversial Issues in the Verses of Rulings,” aims to highlight Ibn Ashur’s efforts in interpreting the verses of rulings and to explain his approach to the most famous controversial issues in the verses of rulings. The research includes an introduction and two sections. The first section is a biography of Ibn Ashur, and the second section discusses the approach followed by Ibn Ashur in the most famous controversial issues in the verses of rulings. Then, the conclusion, which contains the most important results, is that Ibn Ashur did not adhere to a single approach or method in presenting the most famous controversial issues in the verses of rulings, but he mostly adhered to stating the most preponderant opinion with its evidence.

This research study aims to provide an understanding of the concept of the state in Malek Bennabi's civilizational project and to outline the most important general principles for building a democratic state.

Building a state begins with educating the human being who will bear the responsibility and trust.

Among the most prominent foundations for building a civil, democratic state in Malek Bennabi's thought are the following: consultation, democracy, constitutional legitimacy, freedom, equality, human dignity, and social justice.

Our research presents a research problem related to narrative. Given its closeness to the art of poetry, it borrows many of its artistic techniques, particularly narrative forms related to poetry.

We have selected the experience of the contemporary Sudanese poet Tha'ira Rawda Al-Hajj, the "Poet of the Million," for her rich experience, deeply rooted in poetry in terms of both form and function.

In this context, she is a poet and narrator who encompasses all the arts within her diverse creative repertoire. Her poetry is replete with narrative potential, which we have identified in her various poetry collections. Through some examples of her poems, we believe they possess distinct forms of Arabic poetic narrative and aesthetic arts, subjecting them to analysis, interpretation, and reading in a manner that demonstrates this poet's great ability to employ narrative energies in her poetry.

This article aims to uncover the major intersections between two discourses, one of which has received scholarly attention, while the other has remained isolated from analysis and research: poetry and rap. These two discourses are seemingly disparate, yet connected and interconnected at their core, given their shared reliance on creative expression, aesthetic rhythm, and exquisite meaning. To uncover these intersections, we decided to conduct a comparative study between Arabic poetry and Moroccan rap, focusing on the defining elements of poetry, such as meter, rhyme, imagination, and purposes.

One of the outcomes of the developments experienced by the field of linguistics was the emergence of what was called text linguistics, which appeared to transcend sentence linguistics, without eliminating its existence. Whereas sentence linguistics had previously focused on studying the components of the latter as the largest linguistic unit, it became clear to linguistic researchers that focusing on studying the sentence did not allow the researcher to encompass all the rules of the language and the major relationships that exist between parts of speech. This prompted them to shift from studying the sentence to the text, a transition that, while contributing to the development of language, also played a significant role in revealing the importance of the sentence in constructing, shaping, and studying the text. This means that neither the text can replace the sentence, nor does the latter make us dispense with the text. This confirms for us that there is a relationship of interconnection and connection between sentence linguistics and text linguistics, not one of separation and rupture.

In this study of the aesthetic characteristics of the Prophet's hadiths, we seek to uncover many of the aesthetic secrets contained within his hadiths, peace and blessings be upon him. We also explore literary beauty in terms of the stylistic and rhetorical characteristics that give the text its artistic and aesthetic essence. This study enables us to appreciate the uniqueness of the eloquence and clarity bestowed upon the noble Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and the fluidity of his words and the brilliance of his imagery, along with the utmost brevity of expression and clarity of meaning.

The study aimed to identify the use of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children injured in traffic accidents. To achieve this goal, the researchers used the quasi-experimental approach based on a single group, with pre- and post-measurements. The study population included (30), from which the study sample was chosen intentionally, with a size of (30) children, (16) females and (14) males, injured in traffic accidents. The data collection tools included the Children's Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale prepared by Nader and Fredrick (1989), the primary basic data form designed by the researchers, and EFT by Kirk Gray (1997). The data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, applying the following statistical treatments: median, chi-square test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The study reached the following results: There are statistically significant differences in the level of discomfort before and after the operation, beginning and end, in favor of after, and for the technique variable in favor of suffering (simple and complex) in some hospitals in Khartoum State. There are no statistically significant differences in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder using the EFT technique in children attributed to the gender variable. While there are differences in the age variable in favor of the age group (11 years). Then the researchers made some recommendations, the most important of which was the generalization of the EFT technique to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in children injured in traffic accidents in Khartoum State hospitals.

Academic achievement is related to the self, and psychology has become one of the fields that constitute the interest of educators, as it is one of the most important results of the educational process. This research aimed to know the relationship between the academic self and psychological security among students of the University of Nilein in Khartoum State. For this purpose, two scales were applied: the academic self, prepared by the researchers, and psychological security, prepared by Fahd Al-Dulaim and others (1993). They were used on a sample of (435), including (182) male students and (253) female students from the University of Nilein in Khartoum State. The sample was taken using the proportional random method, and the data were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, using the (t) test for the mean of one community, the difference between the means of two independent groups, and the (Cronbach’s Alfa and Sperman-Brown) equations. It also indicated the existence of a positive correlation between the total score of the dimensions of psychological security and the total score of the dimensions of academic self among students, while the results of this study, on the other hand, did not reach a statistically significant interaction between the gender variable (male/female students) and the levels of academic self and levels of psychological security. The dimensions of the academic self (resisting frustration, perseverance, cognitive mental skills) were able to predict the total score of psychological security for the student. The results of the study were also discussed, and some recommendations were suggested, the most important of which is enhancing the feeling of psychological security among students through social and academic activities and programs that occupy free time and raise the level of achievement.

Fishmeal is made from fish by catch, market reject, undesirable sizes and the filleting waste from the processing of the fish to test its impact on broiler chick growth. A control broiler chick feeds and three levels of fishmeal meals made from Plectroponus moculates, Crenimugil crenilabis and Naso unicorns were used as a broiler chick growth promotor in a completely randomized experiment. Very highly significant growth correlation (p<0.001) was found in chicks group fed control feed. The calculated r=0.972 was higher than the tabulated r=0.924.Feeds 1, 2 and 3 yielded significant growth correlation (p<0.05). The calculated r-value ranged from 0.796 to 0.832 and the tabulated (r=0.707). Daily feed intake ranged from 85.45 to97.81g, while daily weight gain, 30.60to 32.94g.

Infrastructure projects (including road networks, railways, ports, airports, hospitals, power plants, desalination plants, sewage networks, and others) are the fundamental pillar or cornerstone of societal development and progress. It is recognized that undertaking such projects requires significant funding, which may sometimes exceed the budgets of some countries, particularly developing countries suffering from increasing debt burdens and persistent budget deficits. This requires them to seek appropriate financing alternatives to establish these essential projects without incurring additional debt burdens and without resorting to privatizing their public projects.

Therefore, the Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) system could be a suitable alternative for establishing such projects, without the state incurring additional debt burdens or being forced to privatize its public projects, which would result in the loss of ownership and leaving them at the mercy of the local or foreign private sector. It also does not affect its sovereignty due to the often-unfair international loans.

This study addressed the impact of human resource information systems on the performance of human resource management in public universities in Khartoum State (University of Bahri). The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and the research followed the descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the data. The problem revolved around the main question: What is the impact of human resource information systems on human resource management performance? The study objectives included demonstrating the impact of human resource information systems on human resource planning. Its importance in the study also came in enriching knowledge in the field of human resource information systems. The main hypothesis was that there is a relationship between human resource information systems and human resource management performance. The study reached several results, including: Human resource information systems at the University of Bahri lead to the implementation of a workforce planning system at the university. The implementation of human resource information systems led to an improvement in the level of performance. Human resource information systems work to store, renew, update data and add new data to the database. Human resource information systems rely on specific and clear procedures. The availability of sufficient information about human resources at the University of Bahri helps in growth, development and response to internal and external environmental variables. The study recommended that the University of Bahri pay more attention to the implementation of human resource information systems to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness, which helps in achieving its goals. It is also necessary to reduce reliance on paperwork in collecting, processing, storing and retrieving information.

This scientific paper seeks to question the reality of educational research practice in the Regional Centers for Education and Training Professions [1], as institutions for the training of senior executives in the national education sector in Morocco. Regional Centers for Education and Training Professions in Morocco cannot achieve their desired results in terms of training, supervision, and qualification unless they provide appropriate pedagogical and didactic equipment for trainee teachers, capable of training them and providing them with the necessary educational tools and equipment to address the situations they encounter and improve the learning that contributes to the formation of future students. Therefore, we chose to discuss the various expectations and aspirations specific to the training equipment in primary education, particularly with regard to the interventional educational research component, based on the description equipment tested during the 2022-2023 training season in most of the Regional Centers for Education and Training Professions in Morocco.

Bullying is one of the most dangerous negative phenomena to have emerged recently, directly impacting the objectives of the educational system in all societies and countries, both developing and developed. This phenomenon has become a noticeable phenomenon in the school environment, which has become a fertile environment for the implementation of bullying behaviors in a clear and explicit manner, rather than an environment for reforming and modifying negative behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the underlying causes behind the increasing prevalence of this phenomenon, with reference to the theories that explain the causes of bullying, and the resulting effects, whether related to the victim or the bully himself. This study also aims to propose some recommendations that could limit this problem or reduce its occurrence among students. This analytical study reached several conclusions, most notably: the need to provide advice and awareness against this phenomenon, while clarifying the most important consequences for both the victim and the bully. In addition, it is necessary for teachers to investigate the underlying causes of bullying behavior to facilitate treatment of the bully, and then form friendly relationships with students, away from domination and nervousness, so that students feel safe and comfortable when discussing their problems. The reinforcement approach is also very important in solving such a problem. The more the bully feels that the teacher is standing by them and encouraging them, the more they will be willing to change the behavior and not repeat it. It is also very important for the teacher to employ a problem-solving approach based on multiple intelligences. For example, when the teacher provides guidance and awareness regarding bullying behavior, they use linguistic, social, logical, interpersonal, naturalistic, and other intelligences. This depends on the teacher's experience with their students and the appropriate intelligence to use.

Although many languages ​​were written before Arabic, such as Hebrew and Greek, for example, the language of the Qur’an remains alive and vibrant to this day. Many specialists have devoted themselves to research and study to explain the reasons for this, especially since the vitality of this sophisticated language is not only reflected in the Arabic structure or the Arabic sentence, but is also clearly reflected in the individual word within this structure. There is hardly a word in Arabic that is devoid of the characteristic of connotations and generating meanings according to its order in the sentence and the context in which it appears. Many studies have focused on the diversity of their approaches and the diversity of their analyses on the word and its impact on determining meaning in the verses of the Wise Remembrance. Some of these studies are rich in serious analyses to clarify this impact. In an effort to deduce what can be deduced, without paying attention or concern to the comparisons and contrasts that may occur within the word itself, such as similar constructions or analogous expressions, or explaining the reasons that established a particular form in which the word appears, such as whether it appears singular, dual, or plural, and the like, which the rhetorician needs to pay attention to and care for. Perhaps with this study we can contribute, even a little, to bridging this gap between what can be determined of the meanings of the word among its peers in forming the general picture of the structure, and the change of these meanings and their fluctuation in several places according to what the Qur'anic text requires. This, of course, does not mean that the word has strayed far from its linguistic origin, but rather it confirms the ability of the word in Arabic to renew and diversify with multiple, intended meanings in themselves. Among the words that appear explicitly in the Qur'an is the word "manliness." Despite the diversity of its forms in the verses, ranging from singular to dual and plural, the effect each form has on constructing a different meaning provokes contemplation and prompts deliberation and scrutiny during analysis. The researcher relied on the analytical approach to clarify meanings and deduce connotations. Through the context in which the word appears and the specificity of the Qur'anic expression in interpretation, this approach can explore the word wherever it appears. Perhaps what prompts the analysis to delve deeper and extract a treasure trove of meanings is the general atmosphere of the verses and the attention paid to the reasons for revelation and their role in determining the intended meaning. The study attempted to focus on the meaning of masculinity in the context of a rhetorical analysis of the word's occurrence within the framework of what can be called agreement of meaning and difference of form. The word can occur in the singular, dual, and plural forms with a single meaning, and here we cannot assert a single, shared meaning, which is what the verses of the Wise Remembrance impose upon us, as the depth of analysis and experiencing the atmosphere of the verses takes on a special dimension that cannot be overlooked or ignored.

Water problems are among the burning issues that have always affected and continue to affect the course of international relations between the countries of the world, regardless of whether those countries are small or large, emerging or developing. Water is one of the primary resources for sustaining the momentum of life and the continuity of the human race throughout the ages.

The problem we address in this research is the Shatt al-Arab water problem, an eternal problem that has been and continues to be a sensitive issue that has troubled the two neighboring countries, Iraq and Iran, throughout the ages. Tremendous efforts, including international ones, have been made to end this crisis, but neither has achieved the desired outcome nor been resolved in the manner intended by both parties.

Our research will draw on a number of Arabic works that have addressed this problem and a number of sources that have addressed Iraqi-Iranian relations, including the Shatt al-Arab issue, in a scientific, historical, and analytical manner, far from the approach that runs counter to the laws of authentic historical research.