The study aimed to identify a modern management method represented by the target cost method in terms of cost management, cost reduction and control while maintaining the quality and flexibility required by the customer to provide the product with the required quality in the market to obtain a larger market share. The research community and sample are represented by the administrative employees of Al-Naseem Company, and through distributing a questionnaire form after it was judged by experienced and specialized judges on the project sample, which numbered 39 individuals, the SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the questionnaire phrases and the correlation between the variables. The researcher concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between cost management with its two axes, target cost and cost reduction, and achieving competitive advantage with its two axes, quality and flexibility. The cost management method also helps the company achieve good investment of resources, and the cost management method also contributes to reducing costs and reducing material waste. The researcher recommended the necessity of developing an effective system to understand the company’s direct and indirect costs that helps it increase its market share and conduct market studies from time to time to track prices, as well as studying the competitive external environment in neighboring areas to obtain better points of sale.

This study aimed to reveal the validity and reliability of  the Pride Scale on a sample of gifted students in the Palestinian interior, and to develop the final version of the Pride Scale paragraphs according to the response results of a sample of gifted students in the Palestinian interior. To achieve these goals, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and the Pride Scale for the Gifted in the Jordanian version, which included (47) paragraphs after modification and Arabization, where it was applied with a sample of (36) male and female teachers, who were selected in a systematic random manner. The results indicated that the majority of the values ​​of the correlation matrix of the study tool paragraphs with the total score of the tool were statistically significant, indicating internal consistency of the tool paragraphs and that they share together in measuring gifted students, and it became clear that the scale enjoys a high degree of stability. After standardizing the scale, it became clear that the Pride scale can be divided into three areas, as follows: The first area: multiple interests, with (20) paragraphs, the second area: independence and originality in thinking, with (12) paragraphs, and the third area: imagination and purposeful play, with (7) paragraphs. Thus, the number of paragraphs in the final standardized scale is (39) phrases after deleting (8) negative and repetitive phrases.

Recommendations were made to teachers and parents, including the use of the Pride scale and other scales and tools designated for the gifted in Arab schools, in order to increase interest in their levels, and to make careful observations of the student who contemplates things before rushing towards them to examine his behavioral and intellectual aspects.

In light of the rapid technological advancements and the widespread adoption of smart devices that have permeated every aspect of our lives, computational algorithms are considered an effective tool for analyzing mathematical models and a means of simplifying complex mathematical concepts. This study aims to assess the impact of smart interactive applications, such as Geogebra, Symbolab, and Microsoft Math, on enhancing mathematical skills and improving academic performance among ninth-grade students in the Zuwaila region during the 2023/2024 academic year. The study adopted a quasi-experimental descriptive approach and included a sample of 28 students with varying levels of achievement, divided into two equivalent groups, experimental and control.  A pre-test was conducted to determine the students’ baseline proficiency, followed by an intensive training course on the optimal use of these applications. Subsequently, a post-test was administered to assess the impact of the intervention. Data analysis using SPSS revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups in the pre-test. However, the post-test showed statistically significant differences at a significance level of ≤ 0.05 in favor of the group that utilized the applications, demonstrating a positive impact on the development of students’ mathematical skills. Based on these findings, the study concludes that smart interactive applications play a significant role in improving students’ understanding of complex mathematical problems. Accordingly, it recommends integrating mathematical modeling and computational algorithms through these applications into educational curricula and conducting workshops and training programs to enhance teachers’ and students’ proficiency in using these technologies effectively.  

The study aimed to identify the degree to which teachers of the first three grades employ twenty-first-century skills from their point of view in the Marka District. The study followed a descriptive survey research method. For its suitability for study purposes. The study sample consisted of a group of female teachers in the first three grades in the Marka district, who were randomly selected, and their number reached (275) teachers. To achieve the objectives related to the study, a questionnaire was constructed consisting of (20) items representing fillies of the twenty-first century, and its validity and reliability were verified. Among the most important results related to the study: First: The tool’s items came in a high and medium degree. Paragraph No. (7) ranked first, which states, “I help students increase self-confidence.” It came with an arithmetic mean of (4.17) and a standard deviation of (6660.), and Paragraph No. (3) came in “last” rank, which states, “I care about reviewing all activities if they appear,” so it came in an arithmetic mean of (3.38), and a deviation of (3.38). Standard (1.150), Second: The calculated (F) value (0.356) is less than the value (sig=0.551) at the level (α=0.05), We accept the null hypothesis, which states that there are no statistically significant differences in the degree to which teachers of the first three grades employ twenty-first century skills due to academic qualifications and experience.Keywords: Female teachers of the first three grades, Twenty-first century skills.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a significant threat to human life. Biofilms are a key survival strategy employed by microorganisms to protect themselves from environmental stresses, including antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of Acacia Senegal gum extracts against biofilm-forming pathogens. The extracts were prepared using ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol (1:1) and tested at various concentrations. Our results show that the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts exhibited significant inhibition of biofilm formation by the tested pathogens. These findings suggest that Acacia Senegal gum extracts may be a promising natural antimicrobial agent against biofilm-forming pathogens.

This research aims to study the concept, significance, and legitimacy of the term “Fiqh al-Tawaqqu’ (The Jurisprudence of Expectation)”, as well as to explore its relationship and impact on (Da’wah) discourse. The research highlights that Fiqh al-Tawaqqu’ has two main dimensions: the first is “consequential,” where it helps regulate, direct, and guide Da’wah discourse by considering expected outcomes and potential impacts. The second dimension is “prospective,” where it can contribute to the development and renewal of Da’wah discourse, particularly in terms of methods, approaches, and techniques. The study emphasizes how Fiqh al-Tawaqqu’ can be utilized to make Da’wah discourse more effective and adaptable to future changes.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of integrating Project-Based Learning (PBL) using Tinkercad on developing the creative thinking skills of eighth-grade students in the technology subject. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with the sample divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group engaged in project-based learning using Tinkercad, while the control group followed the traditional learning approach. Creative thinking was assessed using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) across its four dimensions: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The results revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of integrating PBL with Tinkercad in enhancing students’ creative thinking skills. The study recommended adopting project-based learning strategies supported by modern technological tools to foster students’ creative abilities.

The renewal of Islamic thought is an imperative to adapt to the rapid social and cultural changes imposed by the world. This renewal enables us to effectively face the challenges of modernity and revive the values of justice and peace among peoples and societies by promoting a deep understanding of religious texts and positive interaction with the modern world without losing Islamic religious identity.

Many Islamic schools of thought have sought to re-read religious heritage from a new perspective, in order to translate the values of Islam into a challenging contemporary reality.

Despite the importance of renewal, this process faces many obstacles, including adherence to traditional views, fear of change, and various negative effects on Arab society, which suffers from turmoil and conflicts.

The issue of justice of the Companions has been one of the topics that many scholars have been interested in and talked about since ancient times. In fact, a large literature has emerged on this subject; Many studies have been done about it and the works have been copyrighted. In particular, sects have addressed and examined the issue in different ways. Among the sects in question, one of the most interested in the subject is the Mu’tazila. Mu’tazila has some principles and rules on which it bases itself in this regard. Their, Osman b. They have different views on the issue due to the conflicts that broke out during Affan’s time and the events known as fitnah among Muslims after that.

The study aims to reveal the approach of the Mu’tazila sect to the subject and to state their approach to the justice of the companions and their theories on this subject. In this context, I first explained the concepts of theory, justice and conversation. Then I tried to reveal the meaning of the concept of i’tizal and its emergence process. Finally, I recorded the Mu’tazila’s opinion on the relevant issue. 

As a result, the study concluded that Mu’tazila has four different views on the issue in question. These; Those who had doubts about the justice of the companions after the fitnah, those who believed that one of the two groups was on the truth but did not name a group, those who saw both groups as sinners, those who denounced even the elders of the companions and accused them of lies, ignorance, blasphemy and discord even before the fitnah events. . All these views are based on the events that took place after the fitnah and the role of the companions in it. 

In this study, the transition metal chelates of Mn (II), with Schiff base were synthesized and characterized. Elemental analysis data showed that, the isolated chelates are in 1:1 [M: L] ratio. The molar conductance values revealed that the chelates are none electrolyte in nature. The results of magnetic moment measurements demonstrated that, the chelates of Mn (II) have unpaired electrons and. The infrared spectral data displayed the main coordination sites Salicylaldimine    towards Mn (ll )  ions. The electronic spectrum results of the Schiff base ligand and its chlates suggest that the Mn (II) have octahedral structure This study paper summarizes the synthesis via traditional method of the Schiff base and its metal complex. The antibacterial function of the Schiff base’s metal complex has also been discussed. Using H1 NMR and elemental analysis, the compound’s structure was reported. The obtained Schiff bases have been evaluated against bacteria such as E. coli and S. aurus.

This study addresses the topic of citizenship in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire witnessed major transformations in the concept of citizenship in the nineteenth century, particularly during the Tanzimat period (1839-1876). The Tanzimat period extended its influence until the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1924. These reforms were a series of legal and administrative reforms aimed at modernizing the state and promoting equality among all its citizens, regardless of religion or ethnicity. The Ottoman Empire treated its citizens fairly, with citizens having rights and duties.

Therefore, it enacted laws pertaining to citizenship, such as the Gülhane Law and the Hatt-i Humayun, and worked to implement them in Ottoman society.

The study aims to highlight the role of the Ottoman Empire in keeping pace with modern states and integrating society into a single political entity loyal to the state.

One of the consequences of these laws was that they opened the door to foreign interference in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire, often under the pretext of protecting minorities in the Ottoman Empire.

This study examines the conditions of Jerusalem during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, a period characterized by significant political, social, and economic challenges, particularly amid the increasing colonial and Zionist ambitions toward Palestine and Jerusalem.

The research focuses on the policies of Sultan Abdul Hamid II regarding Jerusalem and the city’s significance within the Ottoman vision. It also explores the efforts undertaken by the Ottoman state to enhance Jerusalem’s status and protect it from foreign interventions. Additionally, the study sheds light on the political conditions in the city and the role of the local population in preserving its Islamic and Arab identity.

The objective of this thesis is to highlight Sultan Abdul Hamid II’s role in safeguarding the city from colonial projects and to analyze the policies he implemented to achieve this goal. Furthermore, it documents the challenges faced by Jerusalem and their impact on its future.

The study relies on a range of Ottoman and foreign sources, along with historical references. It employs a descriptive and analytical methodology to understand the historical and political context of Jerusalem during this period.

This study examines the issue of time, particularly the concept of time, which has been a subject of considerable debate among scholars and thinkers, both ancient and modern. However, they have linked it, in one way or another, to the movement and change of things. Without movement and change, there is no time, and time depends on this movement and change, and is measured by the short and long intervals in which things occur. The researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in studying time. The nature of this research required that it be divided into three sections, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and indexes. The three sections are interconnected, manifested in the definition of time, its types, and its patterns.

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the connotations of textual thresholds in the novels “Jabal Haliyya” and “Ataq” by Ibrahim Madwaah. The study relies on the semiotic approach to explore the connotations of thresholds and their function in the text. The study consists of an introduction, a preface, three axes, and a conclusion. The introduction included the subject of the study and its importance, the reasons for choosing it, its questions, its objectives, previous studies, the method followed, and the divisions of the study. The first axis dealt with the title threshold, touching on its importance, connotations, and connotations in the two novels. The second axis was devoted to studying the cover painting and what it suggests in terms of its colors, drawings, and its relationship with the text. The third axis came to study the introduction in the two novels. The study concluded by listing the most important results it reached, including: Textual thresholds played a role in illuminating some aspects of the text.

The study aimed to analyze the relationship between accounting conservatism and financial performance in banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange during the period from 2019 to 2023. A quantitative research methodology was employed by collecting financial data from the banks and analyzing it using mixed-data multiple regression models. Accounting conservatism was measured using the Beaver and Ryan (2000) model, while financial performance was measured using two key indicators: Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The results of the study showed a statistically significant positive effect of accounting conservatism on both Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Thus, it was concluded that accounting conservatism has a positive impact on the financial performance of banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, reflecting the importance of applying accounting conservatism principles to improve the quality of financial information and enhance investor confidence.

The research addressed the analysis of the impact of environmental conditions on the incidence of kidney failure, as this condition stands out as one of the increasing health challenges that pose a threat to health.

The study also addressed the role of environmental pollution as a major factor, as the results indicate a link between high levels of pollution in the air and water and the use of pesticides in increasing the number of cases of kidney failure.

The study also shows that unhealthy eating habits and lack of health awareness are factors that increase the likelihood of kidney failure.

In conclusion, comprehensive preventive measures, including improving environmental quality, raising community awareness about environmental risks and their impact on human health, and strengthening early screening programs to detect cases of kidney failure, are called for.

The study recommends developing health policies that consider environmental impacts, with the aim of improving the overall health of the city’s population.

Praise be to God، Lord of the Worlds، and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of creation and the Imam of the Messengers، our master Muhammad، and upon his family and companions. As for the following… This study deals with the topic: “Linguistic criticism in contemporary Saudi women’s poetry، presentation and evaluation.”

The Saudi woman excelled in saying poetry، but without taking into account the rules of grammar and morphology، as if these rules that she violated did not know before… The early critics classified poets and their poetry into layers through language through the scale of words and structures. Abdul-Qaher Al-Jarjani is considered one of the first advanced critics who pointed out the impact of the grammatical structure on the formation of the aesthetics of poetry. As for the introduction، it contains the importance of the subject and the reasons for my choice of it. As for the first topic، it is entitled: Classifying the early critics of poets into classes through language، and the contribution of women to the critical heritage، and mentioning some examples. As for the second topic، its title: Linguistic Criticism in Contemporary Saudi Women’s Poetry، Presentation and Evaluation. Examples of thirteen poets were mentioned in which grammatical and morphological irregularities were supported، and this linguistic criticism was supported by Ibn Malik’s saying so that the criticism is on a sound linguistic basis supported by the rule. As for the conclusion، it contains the most important findings and recommendations، and the study is appended with a list of the most important sources and references. And I ask God to make this work in the balance of our good deeds on a day when neither money nor children will benefit except those who come to God with a healthy heart and to crown the conference with success and success…

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has witnessed remarkable development in recent decades, permeating numerous aspects of our professional and academic lives. One of the prominent fields benefiting from AI advancements is natural language processing. Anyone who has used Microsoft Word for writing is familiar with the electronic grammar and spelling checker, which highlights an example of the simplest forms of AI applications in language analysis.

With the evolution of algorithms and technological advancements, AI can now be applied to understanding natural languages. Its techniques are widely used in text proofreading, demonstrating its growing role in linguistic processing.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of AI applications—focusing specifically on the “Fanar” application—in grammatical and spelling proofreading of Arabic texts and to assess their potential as an alternative to human linguistic experts.

The research follows a descriptive-analytical approach by analyzing the operational mechanisms of the “Fanar” application and evaluating its accuracy in language proofreading. This evaluation is conducted by comparing its results with manual proofreading performed by linguistic specialists.

Additionally, the study explores key challenges faced by AI applications in processing Arabic texts, including the complexity of grammatical rules, the diversity of dialects, and the variations in linguistic structures.

The findings indicate that AI-based applications, including “Fanar,” achieve a high degree of accuracy in correcting linguistic errors. However, they still encounter difficulties in understanding semantic context, handling complex grammatical structures, and accurately applying diacritical marks.

Based on these findings, the study recommends developing more precise algorithms that accommodate the linguistic diversity of Arabic and enhancing interaction between AI and linguistic experts to improve the quality of proofreading.

The research aim to examine the effectiveness of a proposed program for developing Mathematical Proficiency among university students، The research sample consisted of 26 students، all of whom were second-level mathematics students enrolled in the principles of Statistics course at the Faculty of Education، Sana’a University. They were selected intentionally and divided into two groups: an experimental group of (13) students، and the other control group of (13) students، to collect data، the Mathematical Proficiency Test and productive mathematical tendency Scale were administered to both groups before and after the intervention، after verifying their validity and reliability. 

The main findings of the study are as follows:

 there was a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) significance level between the average ranks scores of the two groups، in the post-application of both the test and the scale for Mathematical Proficiency.

The proposed program demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in developing Mathematical Proficiency. 

This study aimed to analyze the level of social media addiction among students at Idlib University. The descriptive method was employed to collect and analyze data, with a random sample of 370 students, representing approximately 5.1% of the study population, which consisted of 7,243 students. The researcher utilized a social media addiction scale and found that the level of addiction was moderate, with the “social relationships” dimension ranking first, while the “psychological impact” dimension ranked last. The study also revealed statistically significant differences in addiction levels based on gender, favoring males, while no differences were found based on the field of study. Additionally, the results indicated statistically significant differences in addiction levels based on academic performance, with lower academic achievers exhibiting higher levels of addiction.

Based on the findings, several recommendations were made, including organizing awareness workshops on the healthy use of social media, providing recreational activities on campus, and offering psychological counseling sessions. It was also suggested to enhance guidance programs to improve communication with students, organize events to foster a sense of belonging to the university, and conduct in-depth studies on the causes of addiction.

This research addresses an important topic related to cybercrime in comparative studies between Islamic criminal jurisprudence and secular laws, namely: the general elements of cybercrime. It considers cybercrime as one of the emerging and contemporary issues in the field of crimes and felonies, and examines the extent of compatibility between the general elements of crime in both jurisprudence and law, and their applicability to the elements of cybercrime. A comparison was made between the general elements in Islamic criminal jurisprudence and the Palestinian law, specifically Law No. 10 of 2018 concerning cybercrimes and related laws.
The research included several sections and topics that demonstrated the fundamental difference between jurisprudence and law regarding the legal element, which stipulates that there is no crime and no punishment without a legal text. Islamic jurisprudence derives its principles from religious texts and the general rules of Sharia, whereas the law recognizes no crime except that which is explicitly defined by legislators.

This study aimed to explore the impact of psychological counseling on improving the mental health of burn patients at Atma Hospital in Idlib Province. The study population consisted of 670 patients, with a purposive sample of 100 patients representing 6.7% of the community. A descriptive analytical approach was employed, focusing on describing and analyzing phenomena without manipulating variables, utilizing tools such as questionnaires and interviews to gather quantitative and qualitative data.

The results indicated a significant positive effect of psychological counseling on the mental health of patients, with high agreement levels on dimensions such as anxiety reduction. Statistically significant differences were found in the average scores of the sample based on the number of counseling sessions and the degree of burns, favoring patients who received five or more sessions, as well as those with third-degree burns.

Consequently, the study proposed the development of targeted counseling programs focused on anxiety reduction and enhancing psychological well-being, along with designing intensive counseling sessions. The study also recommended integrating psychological counseling into comprehensive treatment programs for burn patients and increasing awareness of the importance of these programs among medical staff and patients, while ensuring equitable services for both genders.

: The study aimed to highlight the impact of electronic addiction on the mental health of students at Idlib University, with a focus on statistical differences based on the academic specialization (Psychological Counseling, Classroom Teaching) and the academic level. A random systematic sample of 255 students was selected, representing 10% of the total study population. The study utilized a questionnaire developed by the researcher to measure electronic addiction, alongside the integrated mental health scale (MHPTG) 2022. The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the descriptive-analytical method to study the relationship between the two variables and the correlational differences between them. The results showed that electronic addiction affects the mental health of university students and that there is a statistically significant relationship with a regression coefficient of less than 0.05. The study also indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of electronic addiction attributable to academic specialization or academic level. The study recommended the establishment of counseling centers and awareness programs to reduce electronic addiction, with the use of modern applications to regulate students’ internet usage time. 

This research explores the impact of electronic marketing on customer satisfaction in commercial banks، with a specific focus on the Bank of Commerce and Development in Misrata. In the digital age، electronic marketing has become a fundamental tool for enhancing banking services and gaining a competitive advantage. The study examines customer satisfaction levels regarding electronic services، such as bank cards and mobile banking، and their influence on customer loyalty.

The findings indicate that electronic banking services enhance customer satisfaction; however، challenges persist، including weak digital infrastructure in Libya and customer concerns about online transaction security. The researcher adopted a descriptive analytical methodology، utilizing customer surveys، and analyzed the data using SPSS to assess the relationship between electronic marketing and customer satisfaction.

The results reveal that electronic marketing plays a crucial role in improving the quality of banking services. However، it requires better technical support and increased customer awareness to maximize its benefits. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen trust in electronic banking services and enhance service quality.

This research seeks to analyze and evaluate Taha Hussein got lost and made a mistake, through studying the article “Taha Hussein Lost and Wronged,” by researcher Mustafa Al-Zaid, through the writer’s exposure to Taha Hussein’s production, opinions, and interpretations of the Arab heritage.and The extent of his commitment to the scientific method in his criticism of this heritage, while shedding light on the impact of this method on modern Arab thought. The research also discusses what the author of the article went to regarding the possibility of Taha Hussein’s bias or the employment of his ideas to serve certain “agendas”. The research relies on the analytical critical method, following a historical and dialectical approach to direct Al-Zaid to Taha Hussein’s texts, comparing Taha Hussein’s opinions with historical facts, and analyzing the accuracy of his conclusions.