The problem of household waste is one of the most prominent challenges facing the city of Casablanca, especially with the increasing demographic growth, urbanization rate, production patterns, and consumption. The waste sector in this city is plagued by many problems and challenges in which several parties intervene, and perhaps the most important party that contributes significantly to this social and environmental problem is the human element, through its behavior, consumption patterns, and representation of waste. This is what our research addressed in the field of study of the “Sidi Bernoussi” neighborhood in the city of Casablanca, where we concluded that social practices and behaviors increase the severity of the environmental problem of the accumulation of household waste.

This research deals with the effect of speech acts in giving political discourse vitality and dynamism that makes it more effective and influential on the recipient for the purpose of persuading him and directing his behavior towards an intention and goal desired by the speaker. speech acts are one of the main structure that make up the speech.

Their role is not limited to accomplishing the action, but rather goes beyond it to the influencing action. Accordingly, it can be said that political discourse is a deliberative discourse par excellence, adopting the deliberative approach in analyzing and interpreting the meanings of those acts, and exploring their intentions, according to Searle’s division of speech acts. The nature of the study required that the research be divided into two axes preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first axis includes a definition of the concept discourse, political discourse, and the concept of speech acts, and addressing them, as well as defining the concept of achievement power. The second will be the application of speech acts to the political discourse of the events of 2011 AD in Yemen, concluding with the results reached by the study.  

The research concluded that verbal acts had an effective effect in influencing the recipient and then persuading him. They were also different in terms of the degree of their achievement power, taking into account the condition of the addressee.

The research also concluded that increasing speech was one of the means of modifying the achievement power. The aim and purpose of this was to increase the degree of persuading and influencing the addressee.

This research examines the interaction between the three dimensions (environmental, social and economic, and political and legislative) and their mutual impacts on environmental issues. It analyzes how human activities affect the environment and how environmental changes influence economic and political societies. The research shows how sustainable development can be achieved by integrating these dimensions by studying practical examples such as renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable transportation. The findings indicate that cooperation between different sectors is necessary to achieve sustainable development goals and mitigate the effects of climate change.

The Middle East suffers from ongoing competition among multiple hegemonic powers, preventing the stabilization of any single hegemon. This competition perpetuates a state of constant armed conflicts, both direct and indirect, which characterizes much of the contemporary history of the region. The period from 1991 to 2003, marked by stable American hegemony, is an exception. However, history has since reverted to a chaotic structure, with a regional balance of power misaligned with the capabilities of the states.

This study examines the primary competition between two main hegemonic powers: the United States and Iran, along with their allied regional powers. Both parties employ a range of hegemonic tools, from direct-armed confrontation to the use of proxies and militias, which intensifies the competition in areas such as Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen, and Libya. The study also addresses the utilization of sectarian conflict between Sunnis and Shiites as a tool of soft power transformed into hard power (sectarian warfare) in hegemonic struggles, emphasizing that the conflict is one of political influence rather than religious difference.

Before adopting the framework of multifaceted hegemonic competition, the research explores various theoretical frameworks to assess their applicability to Middle Eastern conflicts. The study anticipates that multifaceted hegemonic competition will continue to dominate the Middle East in the foreseeable (and possibly mid-term) future, stressing the importance of addressing structural issues such as corruption, state failure, and non-governmental groups. It highlights the necessity of establishing permanent arrangements to achieve regional stability and notes that Israeli efforts to undermine Iranian hegemony could exacerbate interconnected and costly conflicts.

The current study aims to determine the quality of family life and its relationship to the psychological well-being of mothers with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan. The study sample comprised 132 mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder from the school community during the year (2023/2024). The results showed that the quality of family life of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan as a whole was at a level (high), the level of psychological well-being of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan as a whole has come at a level (median), and the correlation between the quality of family life and the psychological well-being of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R = 0.455) was valued, which indicates a strong and positive correlation between variables at the α=0.05 indicator level.

This study aims to evaluate some groundwater wells feeding residential sector in the city of Quba and its suburbs، where the measurements and analysis included (pH، electrical conductivity، dissolved mineral salts، turbidity، taste، smell، calcium، sodium، magnesium، potassium، sulfates، chlorides، ammonia، nitrates) and indicating the suitability of water for drinking purposes by comparing the results obtained with the Libyan standard specifications and the World Health Organization. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:

The results showed that the following physical and chemical elements (pH، electrical conductivity، dissolved mineral salts، turbidity، taste، smell، calcium، sodium، magnesium، potassium، sulfates، chlorides، ammonia، nitrates) that were tested for the water of the wells specified in the study area، where it showed that all wells fall within the permissible range of international specifications and Libyan specifications. As for biological analysis، the studies showed that the wells specified in the study area fall within the range Permissible for international and Libyan specifications، except for wells numbered (1.3.5.8.10)، this may exceed the permissible range for international and Libyan specifications، and this may be due to the proximity of human activities، sewage، and solid and liquid waste practice

The Theoretical basis of this research assumes that the Tunisian thinker and historian Hisham Jaait, who is imbued with Orientalist ideas and one of the figures of contemporary Arab thought, immortalized his career as a researcher with scientific papers, most notably the book Sedition: The Dialectic of Religion and Politics in Early Islam, in which he reread the events of early Islam, exploiting the most important findings of political and sociological research, Anthropology, history…etc. Its outcome was the book of sedition, whose author was inspired by authentic history, far from sympathy. His weapons were doubt, criticism, and extrapolation. Where he exposed the religious and political controversy, or theology and humanity that characterized the events of early Islam. He concluded that the strife that ended as a war conflict will remain present in consciences, but rather it is the generator of the movement of history.

For this reason, we will work on a translated copy of the book and we will make every effort to reveal its content, especially what is related to the critical method. For this reason, we will rely on the analysis and induction methods to study the following titles:

1- Presenting the book.

2-The philosophy of history according to Hisham Jaait.

3-The rules of the method in history according to Jaait.

In this study, various hematological indices were evaluated in 60 adult Tilapia zillii specimens (mean length 9.66 cm ± 1.21; mean weight 17.52 g ± 7.21). Specimens were collected from Alarabia Company for Agricultural Investments (a freshwater fish farm) and Ain El-Majdob Lagoon (a brackish water lake). Blood samples were obtained using heparinized plastic syringes from the heart. Hematological parameters were measured with standardized, approved methods in a medical analysis laboratory. The following mean values ± SD were recorded: hematocrit (Hct) 11.51 ± 6.09%; hemoglobin (Hb) 7.31 ± 2.38 g/dL; white blood cells (WBC) 57.50 ± 23.23 × 10⁹ cells/L; red blood cells (RBC) 0.82 ± 0.35 × 10⁹ cells/L; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 55.11 ± 17.82 g/dL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 69.60 ± 16.75 pg; mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 134.55 ± 32.91 fl; platelets (PLT) 219.92 ± 206.73 × 10⁹ cells/L; granulocytes (GRA) 6.63 ± 6.03 × 10⁹ cells/L; lymphocytes (LYM) 43.05 ± 19.42 × 10⁹ cells/L; and monocytes (MON) 4.81 ± 3.52 × 10⁹ cells/L.

RBC values approached statistical significance, with RBC, Hb, LYM, MON, MCH, and MCHC levels higher in freshwater Tilapia zillii compared to those in brackish water. Conversely, Hct, GRA, and MCV values were higher in brackish water specimens than in freshwater ones. In freshwater, WBC, LYM, Hct, and MCV decreased with increasing weight but increased with length. Granulocyte and platelet counts, however, increased with weight and decreased with length, as assessed through regression analysis. No significant differences were observed for MON, RBC, Hb, MCH, or MCHC between environments.

In brackish water, WBC counts were influenced by the fish’s length and weight. Additionally, in freshwater, LYM and MON counts increased with weight but decreased with length. No significant changes were found for RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, or PLT across environments.

The Arabic language has always been and will remain, the mother of all sciences, chosen by Allah Almighty to be the language of His Holy Book. This book is miraculous in every aspect: in its words, pronunciation, sciences, teachings, expressions, and structures; in its imagery, scenes, stories, and melodies. Great linguists have divided the sciences of the Arabic language into many branches: some focus on word structure, others on pronunciation, and others on the meaning as a whole. Some focus on ancient aspects, while others address modern ones. Among the most important sciences that distinguish the Arabic language is morphology, which deals with the structure of words and delves into their details and intricacies. One of the prominent topics within this field is derivation, which is one of the most significant subjects in morphological study and one of the unique features of the Arabic language. This characteristic sets Arabic apart from other languages, as it involves generating multiple words from a single root. In this way, the vocabulary of the language expands and its meanings proliferate gradually, though this development remains within the framework established by the early Arabs. Derivatives play a major role in sentence construction and in clarifying meaning, providing a complex meaning in a sentence that differs from the meaning of a verb or noun. Derivation is also a key factor in the growth and richness of the language and the increase of its lexicon. Its importance lies in being one of the tools for language development, which is why there is a need to pay attention to it, study its nature, and explore its details in order to increase the language’s lexicon and preserve it at the same time.

Derivation is an excellent tool for generating words to express new meanings. It is one of the most important aspects of the Arabic language, as it allows us to trace the origins of words. We can connect a word with its related terms and the group to which it belongs, which helps clarify and solidify its meaning. This demonstrates the value of the science of derivation, as it is the key to understanding the language, grasping its intricacies, and discovering its secrets. We can consider it a bridge between intellectual and social life and the language itself. This chapter includes a definition of derivation, its types, and its history among both ancient and modern scholars. It is a theoretical and historical study of this science. I hope I have succeeded in both benefiting and gaining from this work.

Bank deposits are considered one of the most important financial resources for Islamic banks. These deposits vary and their provisions differ according to the conditions agreed upon between the bank and the customer. The concept of a deposit in banks is broader than the concept of a deposit in jurists. In jurists, a deposit is limited to what was intended to be placed with others for safekeeping only, while in banks it includes what was intended to be placed for safekeeping as well as what was intended to be placed for investment.

It is permissible by agreement for the bank to take a fee for in-kind deposits. As for cash deposits, they fall under one of two types: either current accounts or investment accounts.

Current accounts are funds that customers deposit not for the purpose of investment and obtaining profits, but rather for safekeeping and ease of dealing with them through checks and others. These deposits are classified as a loan.

As for investment accounts, they are funds that their owners participate with the bank in an investment work to participate in the profit if it is achieved and bear the loss if it occurs. These deposits are classified as a Mudarabah company, and therefore take the provisions mentioned for this company.

The scientific research addresses an important topic concerning the mental representations of Tripoli society regarding psychotherapy, aiming to understand the prevailing views and the reasons behind the varying attitudes toward this type of treatment. Psychotherapy, in this context, is seen as a means to correct behavioral paths and improve individuals’ quality of life. However, the study shows a clear divergence in people’s attitudes; some view psychotherapy as necessary only for severe issues such as suicide attempts or addiction, while others consider it a last resort. A third group completely rejects psychotherapy, influenced by social attitudes or misconceptions. The researcher focuses on age and gender differences in individuals’ mental representations; findings indicate that younger individuals are more inclined to accept psychotherapy compared to older individuals, possibly because the youth are more open and flexible in accepting new ideas. In contrast, men tend to avoid seeking psychological help, unlike women, who show a higher tendency to pursue therapy. The study’s results confirm a strong correlation between the mental representations of society concerning psychotherapy and the decision to seek it when needed. The researcher recommended conducting future studies to change misconceptions by integrating psychology into school curricula appropriate for different age groups and providing psychological specialists in schools and caregiving institutions to help students overcome psychological crises and conflicts. This approach would facilitate the acceptance of psychotherapy as an essential part of comprehensive healthcare.

The study aimed to identify the level of self-efficacy and differences among physical education teachers for people with special educational needs in the city of Nablus in Palestine، in addition to identifying the differences among the members of the study sample، which are attributed to the following variables (gender، experience in teaching، and scientific qualification)، and to achieve the objectives of the research، the research was conducted on a sample that was selected in a random – stratified way، consisting of (70) teachers of physical education for people with special educational needs in the schools of Nablus city in Palestine،  The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method and one of its forms “correlational study”، and in order to collect data، the researchers designed a questionnaire to measure the self-efficacy of the sample members، and in order to analyze the data، the statistical packages for the social sciences (SPSS) program were used. One of the most important results of the study reached by the researchers is that the total level of self-efficacy among teachers of physical education for people with special educational needs in the schools of Nablus city was very high، and there are no statistically significant differences in the total level of self-efficacy and all its fields attributed to the gender variable، while there are statistically significant differences in the total level of self-efficacy and all its fields among teachers of physical education for people with special educational needs in the schools of Nablus city attributed to the variable ( experience and qualification). The researchers recommended the need for all institutions to pay attention to self-efficacy، and to launch awareness programs for all groups.

The research addressed a very important topic: the regulation of exceptional circumstances under Jordanian legislation. The importance of this research is highlighted as an effectively applied topic so far due to the announcement of the Defense Law in Jordan due to the coronavirus pandemic and the importance of judicial oversight as the most serious and effective type of oversight, as it forces the administration to stop at the limits permitted by law in these circumstances, to ensure that it does not abuse or deviate, and thus achieve protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals under these circumstances.

The importance of this topic lies in standing on the effects and results that result from the administration’s departure from the principle of legitimacy under exceptional circumstances under the application of the Defense Law, especially those related to the rights and freedoms of individuals, as the administration, under normal circumstances, ensures the operation of public facilities in order to achieve the public interest and relies on ordinary legislation in this regard, and its work is subject to judicial oversight to ensure the principle of legitimacy. However, exceptional circumstances require expanding the powers of the administration to confront these circumstances, and the importance of the research is highlighted in that these circumstances are not fixed or stable and therefore affect the rights and freedoms of individuals, and since it is necessary to stand on the extent of the legality of the procedures and measures taken by the administration when exceptional circumstances are avail This research has concluded with a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which are: that the exceptional circumstances system is an exceptional system regulated by constitutions and laws, and it is not applied unless exceptional circumstances arise that ordinary laws are unable to confront , as the purpose of its application is to preserve the safety and survival of the state, and under this system the administration is granted broad exceptional powers to confront any exceptional circumstances that arise, and the administration may deviate and abuse the goals and objectives of exceptional legislation, but under judicial oversight the administration can be stopped at the limits of its jurisdiction, which ultimately achieves the greatest degree of protection for the rights and freedoms of the individualable.

The research also revealed some negative results in exceptional legislation, perhaps the most important of which is that the Jordanian legislator made the authority to declare the implementation of the Defense Law the absolute prerogative of the executive authority, as it is not obligated to present its decision to the legislative authority to obtain its approval. Therefore, we call on the Jordanian legislator to include an explicit text in the Jordanian constitution that obliges the executive authority to present this decision to the legislative authority to consider the seriousness of the reasons for this declaration.

The study aimed to identify the impact of intellectual capital on competitive advantage, a field study on Al-Madar Al-Jaded Communications Company, Central Region Branch. The descriptive analytical approach was used by distributing the questionnaire form to the study sample, which amounted to (35), and statistical analysis was conducted on it using statistical programs (Smart PLS3) to test the study hypotheses. The study concluded that there is no statistical significance at a significant level observed between human capital and competitive advantage, and there is statistical significance at a significant level observed between both relational capital, structural capital, and competitive advantage.

The study also recommended the necessity of dealing with intellectual capital as a major and strategic resource among the various resources that the company possesses and maintaining and developing it continuously, and emphasizing its importance and role in the success of the company and achieving its competitive advantage, especially in light of the information revolution and the openness of the world with information and knowledge. And paying attention to intellectual capital, especially in its structural and relational aspects because they are two important influences on the competitive advantage.

The criminal protection of patents is of paramount importance as it ensures the rights of inventors, encourages innovation, and fosters investment in science and technology. This protection provides legal and effective support for inventors to develop their innovations and safeguard them from unauthorized use and infringements. This research aims to analyze and examine the criminal protection of patents under Jordanian law, with the objective of understanding its developments and the challenges it faces in the current era. The study sheds light on national laws, relevant legislation, and international treaties governing this field, as well as patent-related crimes and the penalties stipulated in Jordanian law. Furthermore, it highlights the roles of governmental bodies and institutions responsible for patent protection in Jordan while analyzing the current challenges and advancements in this area. Based on the findings, this research will offer conclusions and recommendations to enhance the criminal protection of patents in Jordan and contribute to sustainable development in this critical sector.

Crimes of sedition and hatred pose a direct threat to society as they endanger individuals’ fundamental rights and the psychological stability of the entire community. These crimes increase vulnerability to hostility, spread tension, fear, and pressure, and isolate individuals from the broader social stream. This is particularly significant in Jordan, a country renowned for its security and safety and its consistent reception of large numbers of guests, tourists, and refugees. The term “hate crimes,” which has recently gained prominence, is relatively unfamiliar to Jordan and Arab legislations. Arab legal systems and jurisprudential literature rarely address this type of crime, whereas it is well-established in most Western legislations, such as those in the United States and the United Kingdom. Hence, the importance of this research lies in clarifying the legal concept of hate crimes, highlighting their nature, forms, elements, and subject matter, and distinguishing them from similar offenses. Additionally, the study examines the position of Jordanian legislation on such crimes.

Forensic medicine is an essential pillar of the judicial system, as it contributes effectively to uncovering the circumstances of crimes by providing accurate scientific evidence that enhances the effectiveness of criminal evidence, and this field is linked to a set of medical and scientific procedures that are applied within an organized legal framework that determines the scope of forensic doctors’ practices and ensures that they follow strict standards, which contributes to enhancing the credibility and accuracy of evidence. 

The legal regulation of the forensic profession allows physicians to work freely and responsibly within their specialties, and emphasizes adherence to ethics and scientific standards, which increases confidence in the results they present to the courts.

Reports issued by forensic doctors are a reliable tool supported by accurate analysis, both in determining the causes of death, or in analyzing injuries and linking them to possible criminal events, and thanks to this organization, medical evidence becomes crucial tools that contribute to shaping the convictions of the judiciary, which adds more strength and depth to the search for the truth, and makes forensic medicine at the forefront of tools that serve justice and contribute to preserving the rights of individuals and society.

The study aimed to measure the extent of Saudi industrial companies’ commitment to environmental disclosure according to the guidelines of the Saudi Stock Exchange, in addition to determining the impact of company characteristics (company size, company profitability, company age) on the level of environmental disclosure. The study sample included the basic materials sector as the highest environmentally influential sector. To achieve the study objectives, the study followed the content analysis method for board of directors’ reports and annual financial reports. To measure the level of environmental disclosure, an index issued by the Saudi Stock Exchange was derived. The descriptive analytical approach and simple linear regression test were used to verify the study hypotheses. The study concluded that there was a decrease in the level of commitment to environmental disclosure, as the average value of the environmental disclosure level for companies reached 12.5%. The study concluded that there was a positive, statistically significant relationship between company size and the level of environmental disclosure, and that there was no statistically significant relationship between company profitability and the level of environmental disclosure, and that there was no statistically significant relationship between company age and the level of environmental disclosure. The study recommended obligating Saudi companies to make environmental disclosure and raising awareness in cooperation between the responsible authorities on the importance of environmental disclosure and that disclosure be in a report separate from the management report.

This research is concerned with clarifying the concepts of popular culture and globalization, showing the impotance of popular culture in shaping the individual`s identity and the impact of globalization on it. The research showed the challenges of globalization and its nedative and positive impact on cultural identity, and ways to confront these negatives in order to protect our heritage, civilization and children. . . and to benefit from the positives to create a developed and aware preson and society, and     balanced heritage and modernity . 

This research aims, on the one hand, to clarify the role of Islamic Law in establishing rules and principles for the preservation of the human soul, whether in a state of peace or war, and on the other hand, it seeks to impart alertness and awareness to the human conscience in reaching agreed-upon rules in order to guarantee and protect people who are victims of armed conflicts. Wars and natural disasters, and this is demonstrated through international humanitarian law On the third hand, this research also aims to determine the formula and difference between Islamic law and international law in the field of human rights and outsourcing.

The quest to understand the secrets of the Qur’anic structures has made grammarians and commentators take different approaches in analyzing the grammatical rulings and comprehending the Qur’anic contents. This is due to the differences in their linguistic abilities and the differences in their efforts in applying the rules of grammar to the language in some words that can bear multiple aspects of inflection and meaning.  The basic principle of i’rab is to clarify meanings, in order to give speech breadth and precision in expressing the meaning.  Therefore, we find that grammarians and commentators have turned to a broader field in searching for meanings, and that is by searching for possible aspects in a single word in which each aspect of parsing expresses a meaning, where a single word in a sentence can express two or more meanings despite maintaining its order in the sentence. Therefore, we find that the difference in parsing – regardless of Looking at the reasons behind it – has an important role in revealing and expanding the semantic aspect; to reveal the multiple meanings of the words of the Holy Quran.

The Arabic language has always been, and will remain, the mother of all sciences, chosen by Allah Almighty to be the language of His Holy Book. This book is miraculous in every aspect: in its words, pronunciation, sciences, teachings, expressions, and structures; in its imagery, scenes, stories, and melodies. Great linguists have divided the sciences of the Arabic language into many branches: some focus on word structure, others on pronunciation, and others on the meaning as a whole. Some focus on ancient aspects, while others address modern ones. Among the most important sciences that distinguish the Arabic language is morphology, which deals with the structure of words and delves into their details and intricacies. One of the prominent topics within this field is derivation, which is one of the most significant subjects in morphological study and one of the unique features of the Arabic language. This characteristic sets Arabic apart from other languages, as it involves generating multiple words from a single root. In this way, the vocabulary of the language expands and its meanings proliferate gradually, though this development remains within the framework established by the early Arabs. Derivatives play a major role in sentence construction and in clarifying meaning, providing a complex meaning in a sentence that differs from the meaning of a verb or noun. Derivation is also a key factor in the growth and richness of the language and the increase of its lexicon. Its importance lies in being one of the tools for language development, which is why there is a need to pay attention to it, study its nature, and explore its details in order to increase the language’s lexicon and preserve it at the same time.

Derivation is an excellent tool for generating words to express new meanings. It is one of the most important aspects of the Arabic language, as it allows us to trace the origins of words. We can connect a word with its related terms and the group to which it belongs, which helps clarify and solidify its meaning. This demonstrates the value of the science of derivation, as it is the key to understanding the language, grasping its intricacies, and discovering its secrets. We can consider it a bridge between intellectual and social life and the language itself. This chapter includes a definition of derivation, its types, and its history among both ancient and modern scholars. It is a theoretical and historical study of this science. I hope I have succeeded in both benefiting and gaining from this work.

This research aims to introduce the scholar Suleiman ben Yahya ben Omar Maqbool Al-Ahdal (died: 1197 AH)، and to explain his approach and terminology in his book ” Fatwas.The researcher used the historical inductive approach when introducing، the scholar Suleiman ben Yahya ben Omar Maqbool Al-Ahdal (d: 1197 AH)، and the descriptive approach when presenting his approach and terminology in his fatwas.       

One of the most prominent findings reached by the researcher is that the scholar Sulaiman al-Ahdal was a great scholar and investigator، and had a scientific standing among the scholars of his time.             

He was famous for his knowledge، jurisprudence، knowledge of hadith and its sciences، his interest in authentication، and his keenness to draw evidence from authentic hadiths، especially with regard to jurisprudential rulings، as well as his ability to choose the best sayings and his book of fatwas is one of his scholarly works.

The aim of this study was to estimate the causal relationship between public revenues and public expenditures in the Libyan economy from 1962 to 2020, using the Granger causality test to assess the relationship between the variables in the short term. For estimating the relationship in the long term, the Engle-Granger (1987) method was employed to determine the direction of the relationship between the variables in the long term according to the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) methodology.

The study findings indicate a unidirectional relationship from public revenues to public expenditures in the short term during the research period. The Toda causality test results revealed a long-term causal relationship at a 5% significance level, indicating that any change in public revenues leads to a change in public expenditures. This result supports the short-term causality findings, suggesting that public revenues influence public expenditures. Conversely, the estimation results show a lack of significance, indicating no long-term causal relationship from public expenditures to public revenues.

The primary aim of this study is to highlight the Palestinian legislator’s approach to regulating disputes related to the implementation of educational scholarship contracts for employees. The significance of this study lies in addressing the clear gaps within Palestinian legislation, where relevant legal provisions are scattered across multiple texts, including the Civil Service Law No. (4) of 1998 and its amendments, the Council of Ministers Decision No. (45) of 2005 concerning the Executive Regulations of the Palestinian Civil Service Law, and the Service Law for Security Forces No. (8) of 2005 and its amendments govern the process of employee scholarship placements. The practical importance of this study stems from the limited attention researchers have given to this topic despite the prevalence of such contracts and the scarcity of legal studies on how the Palestinian legislature addresses disputes related to the implementation of scholarship contracts.

This study addresses the main issue of the extent to which Palestinian law regulates disputes concerning the implementation of scholarship contracts and their alignment with Islamic jurisprudence. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher employed an analytical approach by examining and evaluating legal texts pertinent to the study’s topic, including an analysis of the Civil Service Law No. (4) of 1998, its 2005 executive regulations, and the Service Law for Security Forces No. (8) of 2005. The researcher also provides a comparative view of certain Arab laws and contrasts these provisions with principles of Islamic jurisprudence.

In conclusion, the researcher reached several findings and recommendations, notably that the Palestinian legislator, under Law No. (3) of 2016 on the Resolution of Administrative Disputes, grants aggrieved scholarship recipients the right to approach the competent government department to demand the fulfillment of administrative obligations and seek compensation for damages incurred due to administrative breaches. If unresolved, they have the right to take the matter to administrative court. However, the law lacks explicit detailing of such cases. Consequently, the researcher recommends that the Palestinian legislator include a provision in the Civil Service Law No. (4) of 1998 to specify and clarify cases of administrative non-compliance.