Mark Twain’s celebrated novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has long been recognized not only for its profound socio-cultural critique but also for its intricate and varied deployment of humor. This research paper aims to provide a linguistic study of the humor mechanisms Twain employs in his masterpiece. It systematically categorizes the various humor devices and elements found within the text, grounding its framework in recent scholarly contributions to the fields of humor research and Twain criticism. The study critically articulates how Twain integrates humor within the fabric of the novel, underscoring its function and significance beyond mere entertainment. The paper determines that Twain employs numerous techniques such as irony, satire, hyperbole, understatement, burlesque, parody, wordplay, hoaxes, pranks, jokes, and riddles to evoke humor and fulfill his thematic intentions. It concludes that Twain seamlessly interweaves these techniques into the tapestry of the novel, fostering a symbiotic relationship between humor and thematic development. In doing so, Twain not only entertains readers but also delivers powerful social commentary and crafts complex character portrayals. The analysis reveals the integral role of Twain’s humor in reinforcing the novel’s enduring impact and contributes to a greater understanding of its narrative sophistication and Twain’s thematic objectives.

The current study aims to determent the relationship between the oil and non-oil revenues and the economic growth of Libya at period (1990-2022), through using econometrical model by method the Johansen Cointegration test and Vector Error-Correction Model (EVCM) by using E-views , the study concludes that there is no relationship between non-oil revenues and GDP as the main indicator of the economic growth, and week correlation them, where there is a long and short tern Cointegration relationship between the oil revenues and economic growth at the study period, and the Vector Error-Correction was significant and equal (-10.98%).

Limitation coverage of Resource reservation in wireless access networks is a critical issue today with user expecting continuous high-speed networks access. It is assumed that in certain area covered by multiple overlapping wireless networks, there is a certain number of mobile clients which consume networks resources by use of available communication services (e.g: voice or data transmission). In this paper we show that gathering knowledge about client’s movement and prediction of their future position may significantly improve the overall quality of delivered services and network resources utilization. An adaptive algorithm is developed to predict the future position of mobile terminals in terms of location probabilities, while considering each terminal’s movement direction, residence time, and path information. This paper provides analysis methods by using different techniques to find out which techniques and algorithms or alternative scheme are suitable for their application to minimize handover latency between different networks.

The importance of the security problem in the 21st century is increasing day by day. All these processes, including the spread of terrorism and other global problems in the field of international relations, are increasingly affected by globalization. In connection with these trends, researchers are increasingly turning to the problem of a concept of security appropriate to the current state of the international arena, which explains the relevance of this work. It is considered that one of the reasons for the tension in modern international relations is the echoes of the Cold War. However, some scientists argue that this is not over yet. Traditional security concepts were used to solve security problems during the Cold War. Some traditional methods are still applied today, mainly against challenges of a traditional nature, namely open threats of force, military intervention and armed attack, encroachment on territory and violation of borders.

The study aimed to identify the attitudes of English language teachers in the first three grades towards rotational teaching in the Directorate of Education of the Southern Mazar District, according to the variables of academic qualification and years of experience. The study followed the descriptive survey method, and the study sample consisted of (50) female teachers. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the study tool was developed, represented by a questionnaire consisting of (18) items that measure the attitudes of English language teachers in the first three grades towards rotational teaching in the Directorate of Education of the Southern Mazar District. The results showed that the attitudes of the English language teachers in the first three grades in the Directorate of Education of the Southern Mazar District towards rotational teaching were moderate. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of the English language teachers in the first three grades towards rotational teaching due to the two variables: academic qualification. And years of experience. Based on the findings, the study recommended adopting alternating education as part of the education process in basic schools only in emergency cases.

This study sheds light on a scholar of rhetoric who lived during the last third of the fifth century and the first third of the sixth century AH. He left behind a valuable legacy of writings in various fields of knowledge. He was a man of letters and a poet, and his efforts are unknown to many students of knowledge. The researcher is confronted with the capabilities of this scholar, who compiled proverbs in a dictionary that human fingers are incapable of matching. Among his most famous and prestigious works is his book Al-Kashshaf, which we will address in our study—God willing—titled "Al-Zamakhshari's Rhetorical Efforts and Their Impact on Clarifying the Meanings of the Holy Qur'an."

In this study, I presented a general conception of the operation of the semiotic approach in the critical text of Mohammad Miftah, by examining the semiotic concepts as procedural tools for questioning poetic discourse and deconstructing its patterns, in addition to clarifying these synthetic semiotics that he adopts in the context of integrating Peirce’s efforts with those of De Saussure, moreover to revealing his suggestions regarding the semiotic square.

The approved approach consists of three intersecting stations: description, analysis, and interpretation. The first focused on presenting and tracing the semiotic aspects that exist in the critical corpus of Mohammad Miftah, the second on deconstructing these aspects and identifying their elements and components, and the third on interpreting the relationship of semiotics that Mohammad Miftah adopts to the philosophy of the harmony of the universe.

We derived a basic conclusion that Mohammad Miftah’s approach is an integrative one, or what he called “synthetic semiotics”; which tries to integrate American and European semiotics, and it is also conjunct with music and its various theories, linguistics with its various trends, and other cognitive and social sciences. Despite his lengthy talk about cognitive science, physics, and biology, he remains a semiotician in origin and end, and his analyses depend on synthetic semiotics by developing and renewing them – always – with new scientific concepts. Whereas Mohammad Miftah considers everything a significant sign, and this is what makes him praise the iconic discourse. His studies of the iconography of the poetic poem are evidence of his concern for semiotics as a method and analysis.

Furthermore, the philosophy of the orderliness of the universe became an absolute doctrine for Mohammad Miftah. It is known that our perceptions and conceptions of the universe and the world frame a large part of our daily behaviour and practices, and even our biases and positions, and also cast their shadows on the diverse and abound fields of research. We often find in Mohammad Miftah’s conception the presence of postulates and axioms that fountain from the philosophy of harmony, and they likely obscure other truths from him, and everything that opposes them becomes abhorrent and vile.

This study aimed to identify the most important social, economic, and security reasons causing the phenomenon of drug abuse in Nablus Governorate from the point of view of Palestinian police officers. The problem of the study is summarized in the main question, which is, “What are the most important social, economic, and security reasons causing the phenomenon of drug abuse in Nablus Governorate from the point of view of police officers?” The importance of the study appears to be that it sheds light on the social, economic and security reasons causing the phenomenon of drug abuse, as well as the effects resulting from the phenomenon of abuse in Palestinian society in Nablus Governorate. The study is divided into four sections:

– The first section: elements of research and previous studies

The second section: The social, economic, and security reasons leading to the phenomenon of drug abuse in Nablus Governorate

– The third section: The effects of the phenomenon of drug abuse

– Fourth section: The field study and its procedures

To achieve the purposes of this study, the researchers used the descriptive analytical method to collect data from the study population through the questionnaire tool. The study sample consisted of (30) members of the Palestinian police force in Nablus Governorate.

The study concluded with a set of results and recommendations, perhaps the most important of which are the following: The social, economic, and security reasons causing the phenomenon of drug abuse in Nablus Governorate, from the point of view of Palestinian police officers, are many, such as family disintegration, unemployment, the spread of crime, family tension, poor financial conditions, work in Israeli areas, and killings within Palestinian society.

The study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: The competent authorities are required to work to address the social, economic and security reasons that lead to drug abuse by providing social and economic support programs for individuals who suffer from these problems, so that these programs can include psychological and social support, vocational training and the provision of job opportunities. The security services must strengthen efforts in providing awareness and education programs about the health, social and legal risks of drug abuse, and the efforts of the Palestinian security services must be intensified in combating organized crime and drug smuggling.

We are on the cusp of the dawn of a new era that is witnessing a revolution that is radically changing our lives. Innovative technologies such as new data, cloud computing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics, and artificial intelligence are rapidly transforming society. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the new frontier for humanity and will lead us towards a new formulation of our civilization.

Advanced digital technology, and in particular artificial intelligence, is a major driver of fundamental change in the humanities and social sciences. Researchers have moved to using advanced technologies in the field of research, as artificial intelligence has become an essential part of investigations through big data analysis techniques.

we will analyze the points that connect them, allowing this analysis to provide added value for future research in this complex field.

The research aims to explore the increasing impacts of digital transformations on the fields of humanities and social sciences, and to understand how digital technologies, and in particular artificial intelligence, can serve as an illustration of these impacts.

The science of legitimacy purposes between the past and the present.
Abstract: This study was about the science of legitimate purposes which is considered simultaneously as an old and modern science as the title of the article indicates, and in which we have clarified that science of legitimate purposes is a science initiated in the era of the companions and affiliates then after that in the era of advanced scholars like the our imams then afterward, it started with imam El JEWSY and his student El JAZALI. However, this science did not show any of its real signs unless after the fourth century AH and with a group of scholars like Imam RAZI, Imam El Edemi, and Imam Izdin Benabdelsalam May God have mercy on them all. We have also clarified the importance of the purposes and its fundamental role in extrapolating the Sharia rulings and some scholars singled it out by classification like Imam JATIBY ( May god have mercy on him)who is the root of this touched art also, we have clarified that with imam JATIBY
there was no widespread interest in this science until its effects were almost obliterated until coming of imam MOHAMED TAHER BEN ACHOURA and others of scholars those who were classified in art independently, based on the fact that it is a separate science from the science of jurisprudence. However, some believe it is part of the science of the principles of jurisprudence and is inseparable from it, as it builds on the principles of jurisprudence. However, the principles of jurisprudence are not based on it, and that is because the foundations of jurisprudence are deeper and more general than the knowledge
of legal purposes.

This  research  aims  to  explain  the  relationship  between  the  poet  ”Rawda Alhaj”  and heritage. It deals  with  reading  reviews  and  to  highlight  aesthetic  values  and  artistic  heritage  perspective  across traditional  characters  and  call  include  ancient  poetic  texts  and  the  extent  of  its  impact  on the construction  of poetic image. And  seeks  to reveal how did the poet  “Rawda Alhaj”  employ of the  traditional personalities, in  its various aspects  of  historical,  literary,  Islamic  and  Sufi, where  the phenomenon  of  the  recall  of  personalities become  a  feature  characterized  contemporary  Arabic  poetry.

 Hence our question; how far  is  the  presence  of  the  traditional  personalities  in  “Rawda Alhaj” poetry?.

The aims of this paper are to evaluate knowledge with Corona virus in a sample of students at the faculty of education at Alasmarya university in Zliten city, Libya, and also to study some social variables that effect on awareness with the virus. Questionnaires were distributed to 143 students and Microsoft Excel was used to show means and percentages. Data illustrated that 23.5% of students had low awareness of Corona virus and 76.4% were with a good knowledge related to the origin of virus and symptoms. For knowledge tests to people that expose to virus, the percentage to students had a good knowledge were 88.81%, whereas 11.19% with low awareness. With related to knowledge about food that patients should eat, it was high with 84.62% related to berries,  garlic and onion, whereas answers of students on the rest type of food were not clear.

This research is summarized in defining the rift between spouses through the Almighty’s saying: (And if you fear a rift between them…) the verse, and explaining that What is meant by fear in the verse according to the majority of commentators is knowledge and certainty that a dispute will occur between the spouses. This is to send the two arbitrators, then it is necessary They must be relatives of the spouses, and they may do whatever they see fit, whether they combine or separate, with or without compensation.

This research also shows that when the two arbitrators are sincere in their intentions and sincere in their resolve to reconcile the spouses, God will reconcile the spouses, and they will return to their previous love, mercy, and good treatment.

The aim of this study is to elucidate the concept of “Ila” as expounded by jurists, including its conditions and terminologies. Additionally, the study seeks to highlight the leniency of Islam in granting husbands the opportunity to temporarily separate from their wives through the practice of “Ila,” as an alternative to divorce, providing them with a means of emotional release and respite. It should be noted that “Ila,” even if it extends to its maximum duration of four months, does not constitute divorce, and after this period, the husband must either divorce or be compelled to do so. “Ila” can be a consequence of a wife’s actions that have angered her husband, or it can be an act of mercy towards her and her infant.

The Qur’an’s wonders never cease. God revealed it and it contains His knowledge. God Almighty has promised many promises, including His saying: And say, “Praise be to God. He will show you His signs and you will recognize them. And your Lord is not unaware of what you do” (An-Naml: 93). Among these verses are what was mentioned. In the Holy Qur’an about news that will happen, and it may Some of them occurred as promised, and the Qur’anic verses are still being revealed, revealing much to us. Among that is what he told us about the Children of Israel and their corruption and corruption. He told us about two great corruptions of theirs, and about the highness that accompanied that corruption, and we now see their corruption with our own eyes, and from here comes the broad question: Is the condition of the Children of Israel today consistent with what was mentioned in the Qur’an? Another corruption?! The answer shows the importance of the research, its purpose, and its reason. He analyzes the talk about the recent corruption. It is an explanation of the verse and an explanation of the signs and meanings it carries: And We said after him to the Children of Israel, “Dwell in the land, and when the promise of the Hereafter comes, We will bring you in multitudes” (Al-Isra: 104). It was presented in two sections, the first section: on the meaning of: the earth, the promise of the afterlife, and fifa. The second topic: The conformity of the condition of the Children of Israel to what the verse indicated, and the evidence of the miracle in that. The research followed the inductive, descriptive approach and concluded it with results and recommendations.

The research dealt with the techniques of narrative structure in Diwan’s “Death Craves Death” by Hassan bin Abdo Sumaili, and the character in Diwan was formed through the main character, the secondary personality, the developing personality, and the fixed personality.

    The linguistic formation was manifested through dialogue, intertextuality, and the diversity of the dialogue scene between internal dialogue, and external dialogue, and the dialogue has internalized the personality and expressed its dimensions, and psychological components, called intertextuality heritage personality, through intertextuality. The poet used the technique of metasis.

    The event performed an artistic function in revealing the narrative components of Hassan Samili, and there is a major event, next to which secondary events helped weave the threads of the main event and push it forward.

    The temporal structure contributed to building character and connecting to other narrative elements through the retrieval technique, anticipation technique, and narrative slowing down and acceleration.

The research analyzed the spatial structure that was closely associated with personality, and the difference of place in most models of geography and engineering, and tended towards artistic and aesthetic, and varied places in the Diwan between the patterns of place, mechanisms of employing the place, and the artistic formation of the place

This research deals with the statement of the false foundations of the owner of the two chains in his lack of reliance on documenting a group of imams of hadith for some types of narrators, and weakening it based on these false foundations has hundreds of hadiths wasted on the expatriates with its provisions on what these hadiths contained the provisions and Sunnah with a statement of the invalidity of the foundations of these evidence of invalidity, has dealt with it in the introduction and two sections and conclusion comes its statement in the introduction to the research

 Morocco is known for the issue of searching, excavating and digging for treasures buried in the ground, and this act does not constitute any exception for other societies, whether it is Arab Islamic, non-Arab Islamic or Western societies. This process was and still is a reason for earning money through illegal means.  It relies primarily on concealment in the darkness of the night, and on the use of charlatans, sorcerers, and magic talismans.

 From this standpoint, we will try to explain all the legal provisions related to searching and excavating for treasures in Morocco, while examining the consequences of violating them.

This research aims, on the first hand, to try to

introduce a new concept to the human concept away from the traditional concept of security. On the second hand, it seeks to show that achieving human security with all its components, dimensions, and aspirations that it inspires in order to achieve and consolidate those lofty meanings that it seeks to achieve. On the third hand, it aims This research aims to present the visions of countries and global and regional organizations to define the concept of human security and achieve sustainable development according to a healthy and sound environment.

The command is a statement by which the speaker invokes the action from someone below it.

• The predecessors agreed that Almer has a formula, and that this formula in its abstract indicates the bitter, and this formula is: the verb bitter, and the present tense verb associated with the murr to do for the absent, and the name of the verb myrrh, and the source deputy Manab Murr.
• The doctrine of the Salaf: the absolute bitter formula that is devoid of evidence stating that it is obligatory.
•  Understanding the righteous predecessors: that after the prohibition the bitter lifts the advanced prohibition and returns the act to what it was.
•  Qahm the righteous ancestors: absolute bitterness requires repetition.
• Understanding the righteous predecessors: bitter requires immediacy.
• The understanding of the Salaf that the disbelievers are addressed by the branches of Sharia.
• Understanding the righteous predecessors: what is not done is obligatory

After the year 2003, Iraqi society is witnessing a fierce attack represented by the increase in crimes against public office and crimes of assault on public funds and the resulting damage affecting the country’s economy. The powers granted to the public employee to carry out the work of his job are not absolute, but are determined by their purpose, which is to achieve the public good. Hence, the legislator’s direction was to protect The public office criminalizes many acts, such as bribery, embezzlement, and employees exceeding the limits of their jobs. Therefore, it was necessary to organize a legal system that punishes the employee to combat these phenomena for the gain that the employee earned through illegal means, which is considered evidence that he committed crimes that led to his enrichment. The question arises as to whether the provisions of the Penal Code and the Law Illicit gain has achieved the interest for which the law legislated the job It is the trust of the people under the responsibility of the employee. The authority exercised by the employee is essentially derived from the authorities of the state, and he must exercise it impartially and impartially so that the job does not deviate from the goal for which it was created. Penal laws were created to protect the public interest.

 The Study Tackled the problem of (change rain rates and its Impact on seasonal agriculture – a case study of the Ouaddaï  region in chad at the period from 2010-2020) the importance of the study lies in exploiting all available water source in sustainable agriculture and achieving food sufficiency and security in quantity and quality, its aimed to identity the change in rain rates and the extent of its impact on seasonal agriculture, and to find a mechanism to achieve agriculture development and rural stability, several hypotheses were adopted, including;  the change in rain rates affects seasonal agriculture and agricultural production, and the loos of  food security leads to rural instability, the researcher used the following methods; Regional, crop, and analytical methods, the sources of data were collected from office studies, field visits, personal observations, and questionnaires, the study reached several results, including that (98%) of  agricultural activities in the region depend only  on seasonal rains, rain rates change more than other climatic elements, influencing the agricultural activity in the study area, (96%) of  local farmers depend on cultivation of a single crop pattern (millet), and the researcher recommends, using improved grains to adept to emergency climate conditions, adopting a policy of cultivation patterns multiple agricultural crops.

The research deals with the components of the principle of tax justice in the Yemeni Income Tax Law No. (17) of 2010, and its applications in the Yemeni tax judiciary rulings. The descriptive method of concepts related to the subject of the study, and the comparative analytical approach to legal texts and rulings, with the use of induction and deduction methods to reach the extent to which the Yemeni legislation and tax judiciary take into account the principle of comprehensiveness and generality in imposing taxes, and the availability of elements that achieve the principle of tax personality represented in the extent to which the legislator, when imposing the tax, takes into account the personal and family circumstances of the taxpayer, and the mandatory ability to bear these burdens. The imposition of the tax takes into account the personal and family circumstances of the taxpayer, the taxpayer’s ability to bear these burdens, the fact that the tax is levied on the net income after deducting the necessary costs and expenses required to continue practicing the activity or profession, the extent to which the tax rate is proportional to the size of the tax base and the net profit or loss of the activity or profession, and taking into account that the exemption limit necessary for living is sufficient, appropriate and even variable with changing economic conditions and inflation factors to take into account the personal circumstances of the taxpayer in all multiple taxes.

Election of King Godfrey of Bouillon 22 July1099.

     Godfrey’s Election On 22 July1099 Seven days after the capture of Jerusalem by Christian armies, which was the culmination of a three-and-a-half-year armed pilgrimage from Western Europe to the Holy Land, Godfrey was elected. He was chosen from among his peers to rule this city, which is considered the most prominent city in the Christian world. When the crowds set out in 1096   they had no idea how the pilgrimage would end, and no idea whether they would survive to see the Holy Sepulcher and fulfill their pilgrimage vows. There was certainly no plan for what the Crusaders would do when it came to ruling and administering Jerusalem if they captured it and wrested it from its Muslim occupiers. However, with their successful campaign and subjection of Jerusalem to Christian rule, they were not going to let such a possession fall from their grasp so easily, and the Crusaders went through untold hardships, which included wars, famine and disease. To take Jerusalem they knew it needed effective leadership
in order to remain a Christian monarchy and with so many high-ranking nobles to choose a leader from among them, it was decided that an election would be the best way to provide  someone who was up to the task. The fact that Godfrey won this election over the others has sparked debate and analysis among historians due to the fact that our knowledge of the Crusade comes from accounts written by those championing other leaders, such as Bohemond of Taranto and Raymond Saint-Gilles, and extolling their virtues on the Crusade. There is no written account directly by someone who was involved in Godfrey’s army and thus his actions remain more elusive. So we have the election result that tells us who the nobles want to be in power, or at least think is the best candidate, but we lack any knowledge of their reasons. This gap in our knowledge has been filled by historians.

 This paper illustrates measure cost paths for renewable energy resources using Geographic Information Technology and Remote Sensing. In addition to solve the Network Route for solar energy services, wind energy services, and biogas energy services. The importance’s is decision support Maker and Sustainable develop goals. We followed the Geoinformatics Methodology. There are many results: Design Origin Destination Cost Matrix (OD) Renewable Energy Model, Develop Origin Destination Cost Matrix (OD) Renewable Energy Geodatabase, Find the least-cost paths between each origin and any closest Renewable Energy destinations. We recommendations are developing Origin Destination Cost Matrix (OD) Renewable Energy applications (Desktop, web site, Mobile Application). The future researches develop Origin Destination Cost Matrix (OD) Renewable Energy depend on internet of thing, GIS data cloud, and Neural Network.