The study covered Extrapolating the future of newspapers with the presence of technical development, the study purposed to the identification of electronic press and newspapers contributions in press work, Extrapolating the future of newspapers and electronic press with challenges that facing the electronic press and newspapers in presences of technician development, shed light to the newspaper, The study followed the descriptive analytical approach by collecting and analyzing data using SPSS, used the observation sharing to help in data collection and thereupon researcher’s editor work at the electronic site and newspaper, A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to Journalisms who work in Al Eintebah newspaper and some workers at African Gra’at site. The important result of this study there is no difference between writing theirs. The study recommended establishing a separate electronic newspaper site to keep up with modern technician and development, supporting the newspaper and facilitating their work. Reducing the print inputs prices (papers and ink… etc.), integrating newspapers with major institutions to finance them.

This research aims to study the impact of higher education privatization within Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and assess its effects on universities, students, and employees. The study utilizes a descriptive and analytical approach, highlighting the role of privatization in enhancing private sector involvement and addressing challenges faced by Saudi universities, such as staffing shortages and delays in government hiring.

The study concludes that privatization stimulates competition among Saudi universities and improves their global ranking. Key recommendations include preparing universities for gradual privatization and focusing on training faculty members in the necessary skills for this transformation.

This research examines environmental protection within the sustainable development framework by comparing international laws with Saudi law to evaluate the adequacy of legal protection for the environment. The study focuses on the alignment between these laws and their role in safeguarding the human right to live in a healthy environment, with specific emphasis on Saudi Arabia’s efforts. A comparative and analytical approach was adopted to explore relevant agreements and organizations and to analyze international and Saudi legal texts related to environmental protection. The findings reveal that Saudi Arabia has placed significant emphasis on environmental protection, adopting environmental systems in line with international agreements. Recommendations include enhancing environmental awareness in educational curricula and conducting further studies to enrich legal literature.

This is a brief study on preparing literary research and manuscript verification, both of which are intertwined for anyone who wishes to research or delve deeply into a field of study. The focus of this research will be on the humanities, particularly literature. Every researcher in this field needs to dedicate a part of their study to ancient manuscripts, which carry the authentic heritage of our ancestors. These manuscripts are the true legacy, bearing witness to their works, research, and history.

This work is one of the prescribed topics for the first preparatory year of the master’s program, and it is indeed the most important. All other tasks will pass through it, as it is the second step in learning how to prepare of research, following the research seminars in the undergraduate stage. The study will address the definition of research, its history, types, methodologies, and conditions, as well as the definition of manuscripts, their types, grades, stages of verification, and their supplements.

The study aims to know the societal need for the establishment of a virtual university in the Republic of Yemen and to achieve this. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach with its methods: analytical and surveying, using the questionnaire as a tool to collect research data, consisting of (28) paragraphs distributed in four fields, and it was applied to an intentional sample of academic experts in Yemeni universities of the number (20) experts according to the modified Delphi method. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: the high level of the degree of the response of experts, the research sample on the community needs of the virtual university in the Republic of Yemen at the level of the overall degree, and in all fields where it came with a degree (very high). And the mathematical average of the fields as a whole (4.43), and a standard deviation (299).

This study aims to shed light on the role of Islamic finance in promoting economic development, using the Jordan Islamic Bank (JIB) as a model. The study evaluates the financing role of the Jordan Islamic Bank (JIB) and finds that Islamic banks, including the Jordan Islamic Bank (JIB), rely on two main financing formulas: Murabaha and Ijara. The study has found that the Jordanian Islamic bank relies on Murabahah and Ijarah and distancing from Musharakah and Mudarabah, which resulted in their limited investive role, due to the ties between Murabahah and safer short-term commercial finance. However, due to the link between Murabaha financing and short-term and safer commercial financing, investments focus on sectors such as construction and housing. On the other hand, the tourism, hotel, and restaurant sectors receive less funding due to the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aims to highlight the value of justice, responsibility, discipline, loyalty, courage, and self-confidence; and their role in promoting national values, and to cite texts and effects that encourage moral values ​​and their role in promoting national values ​​and analyzing them in a way that achieves the correctness of employment.

 The researcher has adopted the descriptive, inductive, and analytical approach to present the components of the research in a way that suits the academic tradition as well as the nature of the study. The study consists of two sections and a conclusion.

The first section is about the value of justice, responsibility and discipline, and their role in promoting national values.

 The second section focuses on presenting the value of loyalty, courage, and self-confidence, and their role in promoting national values. 

The research has been concluded with a conclusion in which the findings and recommendations reached are recorded, the most important of which are: 

Justice in Islam is a principle that governs all segments of society without exception. It is applied in all political, economic, social, family, and judicial fields.

On the basis of justice, security prevails, society flourishes and interests prevail. The Holy Quran and the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet emphasize the individual’s responsibility to reform his country in every possible way.

The sense of individual responsibility also enhances national values and creating discipline is one of the great morals that Islam has urged in all its teachings and systems. Full adherence to it helps achieve the interests of the individual and society.

 Whoever looks closely will find that most acts of worship teach us discipline and sincerity as ones of the individual’s values ​​that contribute to enhancing national values.

This is considered one of the sublime morals that must be adhered to for the validity of worship, transactions and the soundness of the individual’s relationship with his Lord and his/her relationship with creation. And if the servant’s sincerity is true, s/he will achieve objectives that are not achieved for others, and one of the greatest desired objectives is the improvement of the world through religion, as has been decided by scholars of objectives and Islamic politics.

Islam has called for disciplined courage, and the texts and traces urging this have combined in their wording and meaning. The role of courage in strengthening national values ​​is not hidden for those who follow it. And as it becomes clear to the researcher that the traces indicating self-confidence have been combined; and the more the members of the Muslim community are sufficiently confident in themselves, the more this will strengthen the values ​​of the community, and whoever follows this will know. The research has been concluded with some recommendations which are written down in its conclusion.

The study aimed to identify the degree of use of assistive technology by teachers of children with autism spectrum disorder to improve their expressive language skills, in addition to verifying the nature of the relationship between these two variables. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, which is considered the most appropriate for this type of research, where a questionnaire consisting of 19 paragraphs was applied to a sample of 108 male and female teachers, including 44 male and 64 female teachers, who were selected intentionally from the capital Amman Governorate. This sample constituted 20% of the total individuals of the original study community. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05≥α) between the averages of individuals’ estimates in the fields of (smart board and interactive whiteboard) attributed to gender, as the values ​​of the (F) test in these two fields ranged between (0.243 and 1.537) respectively, with a significance level greater than (0.05). It also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05≥α) between the average estimates of individuals on the total score of the tool attributed to gender. The value of (f) on the tool as a whole reached (0.096) with a significance level greater than (0.05), indicating that these values ​​are not significant at the level (0.05≥α). In light of the results, the study recommended several recommendations, including Developing specialized training programs for teachers that focus on how to use assistive technology effectively to improve expressive language skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. These programs should include practical workshops and educational courses.

The study aimed to analyze the level of liquidity and its impact on financial and operational risks and insufficient capital. To achieve this, data were collected through the financial statements of a sample of banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, Jordan, 13 out of 15 banks were included in the study, and data was collected during the years 2000-2020. The results of the study showed that there is an impact of the liquidity index on the credit risks measured by (liabilities ÷ assets) As well as the ones measured by (liquid assets + deposits), while it was found that there is an impact of the liquidity index on the credit risks measured by(liabilities ÷ assets). In addition, it concluded that there is no impact of liquidity on credit risks in each of (facilities ÷ deposits) Also (Facilities ÷ Assets), moreover, there is no impact of liquidity on operating risks measured by (operating expenses ÷ Total assets). It was found that there is a positive impact of the liquidity index on the capital adequacy ratio measured by (equity ÷ Assets) (Equity ÷ risky assets) and (property rights ÷ deposits) Finally, it showed that there is no relationship between the liquidity index and capital insufficiency measured by equity ÷ facilities.

The study aimed to measure the level of psychological stress before and after psychosocial support programs and know the impact of psychosocial support services in reducing the level of psychological stress among adult beneficiaries After intervention according to many variables including (gender, educational level, housing, age, service provided, marital status).

The researcher relied on the quasi-experimental approach; the study sample consisted of 70 adult beneficiaries who visited the psychosocial support centers in (Deit Hassan-Atma-Qalb Lawzah).                          

The study sample was selected using a simple random method, representing 10% of the study population. The researcher used the psychological stress scale prepared by Feinstein in (1993), This was after making some modifications and calculating validity and reliability in a manner consistent with the objectives of the current study and the cultural context of the target sample. To extract the results of the study, the researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study concluded with a set of results, which are: 

The level of psychological stress among a sample of adults who visit psychological and social support centers before providing the service is high, there are statistically significant differences in the level of psychological stress among sample members before and after receiving psychosocial support programs. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of psychological stress among sample members according to the variable of the psychological support strategy used (psychological first aid – individual psychological education – advanced problem treatment). There are no statistically significant differences in the effect of psychosocial support services in reducing the level of psychological stress in the study sample according to the housing variable. There are no statistically significant differences in the effect of psychosocial support services in reducing the level of psychological stress in the study sample according to the marital status variable. There are no statistically significant differences in the effect of psychosocial support services in reducing the level of psychological stress in the study sample according to the educational level variable. There are no statistically significant differences in 

the effect of psychosocial support services in reducing the level of psychological stress in the study sample according to the gender variable.                                

In light of the study results, the researcher concluded several recommendations, including:

Continuation and expansion of psychosocial support programmers, developing psychosocial support strategies and providing continuous training for workers in psychosocial support centers to ensure the application of the best practices and technologies developed in the field, integrating psychological support services into primary health care to enhance access and make them an essential part of public health services. The researcher also suggested conducting research studies to determine the impact of other variables such as social environment and family support on the level of psychological stress.

Cette étude a abordé l’histoire de la pensée juridique islamique, les étapes de son développement, et son émergence dans le territoire de la Mauritanie (Chinguetti). On peut résumer les conclusions de cette recherche en soulignant que les Mauritaniens (Chinguettiens), malgré leur éloignement du centre, l’absence de stabilité démographique et d’autorité organisationnelle, ont réussi à participer et à contribuer au patrimoine islamique, voire parfois à y apporter des ajouts. Et cela, à travers l’un des domaines les plus importants, les plus complexes et les plus délicats de l’Islam : la science des fondements du fiqh islamique. Cela est clairement illustré par leur contribution à des œuvres de grande valeur et des discussions fructueuses qui ont révélé une maturité et une compréhension approfondie des chemins de cette science, en maîtrisant ses règles et en explorant ses profondeurs. Il convient de noter que la majorité de leurs efforts restent négligés dans les collections de manuscrits, en raison de l’absence d’impression et de publication.

Les thèmes de cette recherche montrent également la grande place qu’ont atteinte les pionniers de ce territoire parmi les éminents savants de la nation et les gardiens de l’école juridique, malgré la faiblesse des moyens et l’absence de reconnaissance

This study aimed to reveal the degree of secondary school teachers’ practice of innovative education and its relationship to the development of self-educational skills among students in the Nazareth area from the teachers’ point of view. To achieve this goal, the study used the descriptive correlational approach, as well as the questionnaire tool that was applied to a deliberate survey sample of (87) male and female teachers who were selected from six schools in the city of Nazareth. The results showed that the degree of secondary school teachers’ practice of innovative education in the city of Nazareth was high and reached (3.74), and that the degree of teachers’ practice of innovative education dedicated to the development of self-educational skills was high and reached (3.80), and that the degree of students’ possession of self-educational skills was average and reached (3.51), and that the degree of application of self-educational skills was high and reached (3.69). The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the averages of the sample’s opinions about the relationship between teachers’ practice of innovative education and its relationship to the development of self-educational skills among students according to years of experience, while it became clear that there were differences according to the academic degree in favor of the master’s category, and that there were differences according to For specialization, the differences were in favor of the two categories: natural sciences, management, and economics/technology. It became clear that there is a positive, direct relationship between the fields of innovative education and self-educational skills; and that the higher the level of innovative education, the higher the degree of self-educational skills.

This study aims to determine “the extent to which public relations in the Palestinian police rely on the persuasive method in its communication content published through (Facebook) aimed at social awareness”, by determining the extent to which public relations employs (Facebook) as a communication tool in social awareness, first by highlighting social awareness posts, then revealing the communication strategies used by public relations in this field, and the most important persuasive methods it employs in social awareness. To achieve this purpose, the researcher followed the descriptive approach to describe the study variables, as well as the mixed approach, where the researcher used the content analysis form tool, in addition to the interview tool to obtain accurate information from its sources. The study community consists of social awareness posts on the police’s Facebook page. The researcher chose a comprehensive sample of all posts in the last three years (2021), (2022), (2023), as the researcher noticed an increase in the social awareness activity of the Palestinian police. After the search process, the posts reached (693) social awareness posts. The other study community is the public relations employees in the Palestinian police. The study reached the following results: Public relations relies on persuasive methods in its communication content published on (Facebook); For social awareness at a good rate of (47.6%). and expands in many social topics, the most important of which are: drugs, traffic accidents, theft, murder, unlicensed weapons, and illegal vehicles in the first place, and focuses on the strategy of persuasion, and employs the rational method at a rate of (48.9%), intimidation at a rate of (37.2%), and emotional luring at a rate of (13.8%), and it also progresses in persuasive appeals in the same way, and adheres to the principles of persuasive communication in an appropriate manner, as the results of the study showed us in defining these principles and ways of using them.

The study aimed to explore the emotional experiences associated with sports activities among female students enrolled in the swimming course at An-Najah National University. To achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample of female students from An-Najah National University, enrolled in Swimming (1) and Swimming (2) courses. The total number of participants was (45).

The results indicated that the overall level of emotional experiences among the female students in the swimming course at An-Najah National University was moderate, with a mean score of 3.36 and a percentage of 67.20%. The results in the domain of stress control were notably high, with a mean score of 3.59 and a percentage of 71.80%. Confidence also scored high, with a mean of 3.56 and a percentage of 71.20%, while self-regulation also ranked high, with a mean score of 3.41 and a percentage of 68.20%. 

However, the overall score in the domain of desire was moderate, with a mean score of 3.37 and a percentage of 67.40%. Similarly, the results for persistence were moderate, with a mean of 3.40 and a percentage of 68%. Both the sensitivity and personal responsibility domains were moderate as well, with mean scores of 2.92 and 3.08 and percentages of 61.60% and 58.20%, respectively.

Moreover, the results revealed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) in the degree of emotional experiences associated with sports activities among female students in the swimming course at An-Najah National University across the different domains of emotional experiences, based on the variable of sports participation. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found at the significance level (α=0.05) in the level of pre-competition anxiety among volleyball players in the Palestinian Premier League, according to the variable of playing experience.

It is noteworthy that the academic year variable influenced the overall degree of emotional experiences by 14%, while the remaining percentage is attributed to other variables. We can assert that the academic year variable explained or influenced the dependent variable to a moderate degree, as, according to Cohen, a variable explaining or influencing between 6% and 14% is considered to have a moderate effect. The results, as shown by the use of one-way ANOVA, indicated no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) in the effect of the academic year variable on the degree of emotional experiences.

The origin of i’rab is to clarify meanings and give speech ample expression in meaning and precision. Since the opinions of grammarians and commentators differed in their explanation of the meanings of the verses of the Holy Quran due to the difference in their i’rab, some words can bear multiple aspects of i’rab and meaning; The basis of this disagreement is the difference in understanding the verses of the Holy Quran and the effort to comprehend its secrets, as the scholars of Arabic were rushing in their efforts to explain the methods of the Quran and the grammatical functions of its vocabulary and structures. However, the difference in their linguistic abilities, Islamic culture, and ability to comprehend the secrets of the Quranic structures made them take different approaches to analyzing grammatical rulings and understanding Quranic contents. Perhaps the most important outcome of this disagreement is the semantic effect; meaning is the basis of disagreement and it is based on it. Therefore, we find that the difference in syntax – regardless of the reasons behind it – has an important role in revealing and expanding the semantic aspect. To reveal the multiple meanings of the words of the Holy Quran.

This research aims to study two of the most beautiful names of God Almighty, namely: the All-Hearing and the All-Seeing in the light of the Qur’an and the Sunnah comparative analytical study.

It aims to explain the meaning of the All-Hearing and the All-Seeingand their meanings in the Holy Qur’an, and the number of their occurrences in it, as well as proving the two attributes of hearing and sight to God Almighty with legal evidence and explaining the effects of proving the two attributes of hearing and sight to God Almighty on the servant in the two worlds.

 I have reached several conclusions, the most important of which are that the All-Hearing and the All-Seeing are two names of God Almighty and two attributes established in the Qur’an and the Sunnah, which we believe in and confirm without distortion, representation, conditioning, or obstruction.

One of the effects of believing in them in this world is that knowing the meanings included in the attributes of hearing and seeing God Almighty increases the servant’s faith and bequeaths to him the love of God. It also makes him hasten to good deeds and avoid sins and reprehensible things when he senses that God is watching him. He hears his words and sees his actions. This bequeaths Modesty is from God, and requires good manners with Him.

Also among the effects in this world is that knowing them is a path to achieving piety and achieving the level of benevolence, and they are a reason for humility in supplication, by recalling the greatness of God Almighty when he supplicates, and that He hears the supplicant and answers him.

One of the greatest effects of the afterlife is entering Paradise.

The study aimed to investigate the current role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the writing of scientific research papers and to identify the challenges that researchers face when using AI in writing scientific research. The sample of this study consists of ESL learners who are currently pursuing writing scientific research in their academic program. The researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical method .He used a questionnaire as a tool for the study and SPSS as a program for analyzing data. The study revealed that, Efforts should be made to enhance AI models’ understanding of complex scientific concepts by exploring techniques like pre-training on scientific literature or incorporating domain-specific knowledge bases during the training process. Researchers and scientific communities should collaborate to ensure the availability and sharing of high-quality datasets for training AI models. The study recommends that AI in scientific research writing raises ethical concerns, particularly in terms of authorship and plagiarism. Questions may arise regarding the appropriate attribution of AI-generated content, as well as the potential for AI models to mimic the work of specific researchers or labs. And Major challenge in AI for writing scientific research is the limited understanding of complex scientific concepts by AI models. 

The study of “General and Specific” is one of the essential topics in Islamic jurisprudence, as it concerns the interpretations of textual meanings in both the Quran and Sunnah. Jurists and scholars of Usul (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) examine how general terms encompass all possible instances, while specific terms refer to particular cases. This research aims to simplify the concept of “General” and “Specific” and to clarify the significance of understanding these terms in deriving legal rulings. To achieve this, the study focuses on analyzing the Sharia definitions while avoiding debatable linguistic definitions, reviewing perspectives from various Islamic schools of thought in a structured narrative approach. The research concludes that a proper understanding of general and specific terms is a fundamental requirement for both specialists and non-specialists in Sharia knowledge.

“This study aims to analyze the impact of gender, study environment (in-person or remote), and subject type (quantitative or theoretical) on the academic performance of students at the College of Science and Humanities in Thadiq, Shaqra University. The primary issue is to determine the extent to which these factors, both collectively and individually, affect students’ academic achievement. Using Three-way ANOVA, the study examined the impact of these variables and their interactions on student performance. The results revealed significant effects of gender and subject type on academic performance, while the study environment did not show a significant individual effect. However, there was a significant interaction between the three variables (gender, study environment, and subject type) on academic performance. The study aims to provide a detailed understanding of how these factors influence academic performance and offers recommendations for developing teaching strategies that align with these effects.

This study aimed to identify the role of mathematics curriculum in enhancing creative thinking skills among third-grade students in Qalqilya Governorate from the teachers’ point of view. The study was conducted on a representative sample of the study population, at a rate of 33% of the entire study population, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was used as a study tool.

The results of the study showed that there is a positive correlation between mathematics curriculum and enhancing creative thinking skills, and there are no differences in the role of the mathematics curriculum in enhancing creative thinking skills due to the variables of gender, school location, and the nature of the school, while there are differences in the role of the mathematics curriculum in enhancing creative thinking skills. Creative thinking is attributed to the academic qualification variable.

As a result of this study, the researcher recommended the necessity of conducting further studies on the mathematics curriculum and its role in enhancing students’ creative thinking skills, implementing training courses for teachers on the “mathematics” curriculum and the contents and activities it includes, motivating teachers towards greater interest in employing all the activities of the mathematics curriculum, The need for higher education institutions (universities, colleges) to focus on teaching and learning strategies.

Motivating educational supervisors and teachers to conduct procedural research on the mathematics curriculum, and benefit from the results of that research in developing performance, holding brainstorming and reflection sessions with the participation of teachers, educational supervisors, and the national curriculum writing team to exchange experiences and integrate understanding of the concepts and ideas presented.

Les étudiants ont l’habitude de dire : « Ce que le premier n’a laissé au dernier », ce qui est en contradiction avec l’appel à poursuivre l’apprentissage et la recherche pour découvrir de nouvelles connaissances, ce qui est fortement requis. Si nous appliquions cette maxime, les gens cesseraient de progresser, et les sciences seraient limitées à certaines générations et à des nations spécifiques (les lettres littéraires 37). L’assertion selon laquelle « ce que le premier n’a laissé au dernier » est une affirmation qui contredit la réalité (la rhétorique arabe 1/90). Il suffit de dire : combien le premier a-t-il laissé au dernier. Que Dieu bénisse Ibn Malik dans son « Al-Tahsil » lorsqu’il dit : « Si les sciences sont des dons divins et des talents spéciaux, il n’est pas surprenant que certaines choses soient réservées à certains des retardataires qui ont été difficiles pour beaucoup des premiers » (Al-Tahsil d’Ibn Malik 1/102). C’est ainsi que la roue de la vie tourne, et Dieu a établi l’enseignement, faisant de la disparité entre les gens une loi universelle, que ce soit pour le savant ou l’apprenant. La supériorité de l’apprenant sur son maître n’est pas un début. La science repose sur l’apprentissage, et par la piété envers Dieu, le serviteur atteint un niveau enviable.

Les études linguistiques sont l’une des sciences les plus marquantes qui ont émergé dans le domaine de la pensée et de la connaissance durant l’aube de l’islam. Parmi ceux qui ont brillé et ont été reconnus par leurs contemporains et ceux qui les ont suivis pour leur stature scientifique élevée et leur pensée linguistique unique, se trouve le savant Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Nahwi al-Farisi, né en 288 H et décédé en 377 H.

L’émergence des idées, fruit de l’exercice de la raison avec des étapes solides conformes à la méthode de la narration, n’est qu’un aspect de la solidité du savoir et de la maturité de la pensée chez Abu Ali al-Farisi — après l’assistance de Dieu — car l’arabe est connu par sa structure, tant par l’analyse que par la construction, qu’elle soit par analogie ou par tradition. Cependant, nous observons chez Abu Ali al-Farisi une autre couleur dans l’exposition des questions linguistiques, qui est une raison pour laquelle nous nous arrêtons lors de la présentation de la recherche. Afin de faire ressortir les énigmes que le savant a proposées, nous nous appuyons dans notre étude sur la méthode inductive et analytique.

This study aimed to identify the role of influencers in shaping public opinion during the 2023/2024 Gaza War (Al-Aqsa Flood) from the point of view of An-Najah National University students. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the study was applied to a stratified random sample consisting of (300) male and female students, where the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data on the subject of the study. The study showed that the overall degree of the role of influencers in shaping public opinion during the Gaza War of 2023/2024 (Al-Aqsa Flood) from the point of view of the students of An-Najah National University was large in terms of the arithmetic mean, which reached (3.53), and the presence of a statistically significant difference at the significance level (α≤0.05) for the responses of the respondents about the role of influencers in shaping public opinion during the Gaza War of 2023/2024 (the Al-Aqsa Flood) from the point of view of the students of An-Najah National University in all fields except the fourth field due to the gender variable; in favor of males, There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) for the respondents’ responses about the role of influencers in shaping public opinion during the 2023/2024 Gaza War (the Al-Aqsa Flood) from the point of view of An-Najah National University students in all fields and the total score between the levels of the (qualification) variables. academic level, age group, and place of residence). The study recommended strengthening the role of influencers as effective channels for disseminating accurate information about current events. Influencers should be encouraged to provide reliable, fact-based content, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of social and political issues, and organize workshops and seminars to enhance students’ critical awareness of how to evaluate information provided by influencers, so as to reduce concerns about the reliability of sources and improve the quality of public debates.

The study aimed to identify the impact of using cloud computing on the quality of financial reports in Libya Post and Telephone Company. Cloud computing is considered one of the innovations of information technology, and it plays role in enhancing the characteristics of accounting information (development, reliability). The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach by distributing a questionnaire to a sample of employees in Libya Post and Telephone Company in the central region, where (36) questionnaires were distributed, and all of them were valid for analysis, and they were analyzed and the results and recommendations were extracted.

The most important results of the study were as follows:

There is a statistically significant relationship and impact between cloud computing and the quality of automated reports at Libya Post and Telephone Company.

There is a positive relationship between cloud computing and the quality of financial reports in terms of solvency at Libya Post and Telephone Company. 

There is a positive relationship between cloud computing and the quality of financial reports in terms of reliability at Libya Post and Telephone Company. 

It reduces costs and time taken to provide services and facilitates the exchange of information and communication between employees, provides ease of regulating services for customers, and expands the coverage of electronic services without attendance.

The study recommended the need to establish controls and regulations for cloud computing that govern its mechanisms and procedures, and educate and motivate employees to keep pace with developments in information technology, through enrolling in training programs for cloud computing.

The study also recommended applying cloud computing in all institutions and companies to achieve the characteristics of accounting information, and enable its users to view financial reports. Keywords: Cloud computing, quality of financial reports, suitability, reliability.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of short-term training programs in improving the performance of municipal employees, enabling the municipality to enhance the services provided to citizens. The study sample included 108 municipal employees, and the researcher received 96 responses to the electronic questionnaire.

The study revealed several key findings, the most important of which is that short-term training programs have a positive impact on acquiring skills and increasing knowledge in the performance of municipal employees. There were also clear differences in the variable of educational qualification in the impact of training on employee performance, with senior management employees having the largest share of nominations for training courses. The study indicated a shortfall from the municipalities in providing the means to apply the skills acquired after training.

The study concluded with a set of recommendations, including the continuous evaluation of employee performance to determine appropriate training needs based on evaluation results, designing and updating training programs, and selecting trainers with competence and experience in their implementation. It is also recommended to provide all employees with the opportunity to attend training courses.

The theoretical basis of this research assumes that the political and cultural factors that Muslims experienced in the early days of Islam contributed in one way or another to the desecration of the holy place, especially Mecca. Man’s love for power and his aspiration to satisfy his whims and inclinations made him either transgress and ignore this place because of its honor with God and Muslims, or invest it fully or partially to achieve his goals. The research also assumes that in view of the development of the nature of life in the Islamic society and the expansion of the Islamic area, Mecca as a holy place no longer has any symbolic value in the minds of some influential political leaders or even in the minds of deviants.

What is the meaning of sacred? Moreover, what are its manifestations, especially in Mecca? In addition, what are the manifestations and reasons for his desecration?.