Cette étude visait à clarifier la place du marketing sensoriel dans les hôtels afin d’influencer le comportement et les décisions de sélection des clients, en considérant que ce dernier contribue à éveiller et stimuler leurs sentiments et sa capacité à s’adresser à la fois à l’esprit, au cœur et à l’âme. . Nous avons suivi l’approche descriptive en présentant la littérature sur le sujet qui explique les variables liées aux axes d’étude, et dans le but d’apporter des réponses aux questions de la problématique de recherche soulevée et de prouver les hypothèses de l’étude présentée. De ce côté, nous avons suivi une approche analytique consistant à construire un questionnaire électronique afin de collecter des données à partir de l’échantillon représenté par les visiteurs de l’hôtel Belvédère, qui comptait 98 clients, et a été analysé à l’aide du programme SmartPls, où l’étude a finalement abouti à un certain nombre de résultats, à savoir qu’il existe une forte relation positive en termes d’impact entre les éléments du marketing sensoriel et la décision du client de choisir le service hôtelier du point de vue des visiteurs et invités de l’Hôtel Belvédère.

The political crisis that Sudan had undergone in the post-Al-Bashir’s Islamists’ regime transitional period (2019-2023) that ended in a war (15.4.2023) which broke out between the Sudan’s Army and the Rapid Defense Forces that resulted in genocide and damaged the state, entails a deep thinking for adopting a suitable political system for the country. The transitional government – beset by so many challenges and conspiracies – failed to work out a road plan to overcome the disputes among the conflicting players in the political scene that impeded peaceful democratic transition and culminated into war. Consequently, the quest of a suitable system of governance for Sudan is a top priority for tackling this acute and chronic political crisis in Sudan. Addressing such a crisis is crucial for bringing about stability for peaceful democratic transition. Therefore, a comprehensive strategic vision is needed to eradicate the root causes of conflict and instability. Among these is the proper management of diversity by drawing lessons from similar experiences in the world that have similar – and even greater  – diversity but succeeded in the process of national integration and building one unified national identity. It is obvious that the failure in managing diversity produced political crisis and, hence, political instability, mutiny and wars as with the case of Darfur and the South which seceded in July 2011 after a plebiscite. Therefore, the crisis of government in Sudan would remain the greatest crisis. This necessitates adopting a suitable system of government in Sudan that could achieve peace and stability. This research suggests the adoption of consensual democracy (consociationalism), along with elections on the base of proportional representation and presidential system.

The study aimed to reveal the impact of educational technology on the educational process in the basic education stage in Tulkarm Governorate from the point of view of male and female teachers of the basic education stage. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The number is 500 male and female teachers. The study sample consisted of (100) male and female teachers using the random cluster method. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study tool was prepared, which is a questionnaire specially designed for the purposes of the study to reveal the impact of educational technology on the stage of basic education. The questionnaire included (30) items. divided into three main axes,The study reached the following results: The arithmetic means and standard deviations of the responses of the study sample on the impact of educational technology on the educational process in the basic stage from the point of view of its teachers were as follows: the arithmetic mean (3.83) and the standard deviation (0.418) to a large extent, and the first axis (the capabilities, skills and abilities available to teachers) of the elements of educational technology) on an average of (3.97), and a standard deviation of (0.519), and to a large extent, and it was the highest field of approval by the study sample, and the arithmetic mean of the second axis (the impact of educational technology on the educational process) came with a rate of (3.65) and a standard deviation of (0.947). ), and the third axis (obstacles to applying educational technology to the educational process) obtained an arithmetic mean (3.88) and a standard deviation (0.418).

One of the results of the study is that the educational cadres in the basic stages in public schools in Tulkarem governorate have the ability, skill and limited capabilities to use educational technology in the basic stages. Without the use of educational technology in the basic stages, it is related to the educational staff, the students, and the material capabilities available to both of them.

The results of the study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05 ≥ α) in the means of educational technology and its impact on the educational process in the basic stage from the point of view of teachers due to the demographic variables (age, educational qualification, place of residence) according to the variable of each of at the tool level as a whole.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, several movements appeared. One of those critical movements was the Modernist movement, which is different from the old known concepts; it came with new opinions and methods that aroused the anger of other old movements. At first, it faced strong opposition from the pioneers of different movements and their audiences, such as the Romantic movement, because modernism came loaded with Realism, psychological study, individual subjectivity, etc. (Charles, 1999). Therefore, since the previous movements did not interfere with psychological factors and rise to the subjectivity of individuals, but they were characterized by imagination, especially for the Romantic movement, imagination took ample space from it and dominated most of its parts, so Romanticism as a foreign body entered into this entity, it indeed became confusing at first, which made the pioneers of other movements rejecting modernism and its new style because it contradicts their methods in several opinions, especially for the classical and Romantic movement. Therefore, this research aims to clarify the points of convergence that combine the Romantic movement and the Modernist movement on the one hand, as well as the points of contradiction or divergence between the two movements on the other hand; so the question is: What is the nature of the differences and similarities in the scope of the two movements?

 The aim of this study is to investigate the concept of “Nature” in William Wordsworth poetry and how he tackles this concept. William Wordsworth deals with the theme of nature as main theme in his works for that reason he could be considered as the poet of nature. The study aims also to identify the effect of the concept of nature in William Wordsworth poetry and in 18th and 19th century’s’ romantic poetry. The study hypothesizes that the concept of nature has different meanings in William Wordsworth poetry and he uses especial ways to reflect his concepts of nature in his poems. The researchers utilize the primarily and secondary authentic material to collect the data, the researcher use descriptive analytic method through coding technique. This study selects poem of William Wordsworth, (London,).After the analysis of the data, the researchers found that the concept of nature is used by the poet to reflect different meanings.  Sometime the poet perceives nature as a friend, healer and companion and so on; finally, the researcher recommends that nature should be given much care in all aspects because it is a source of happiness and inspiration.

There are many times in the Holy Qur’an, either narrating them in the context of their meanings or swearing by them, and there are many surahs that begin their section with times, such as forenoon, afternoon, night, and dawn. These divided times have very precise and accurate connotations. Surah Al-Fajr has a special meaning among those surahs. The oath came at the beginning with four elements (the dawn, the ten nights, the intercession, the odd night prayer, and the night when it is easy), and each of these elements has a specificity in its importance and the oath by which it is sworn. Perhaps in this research we will reach some of that specificity through a general analysis of these elements along with the other parts of the Surah, and the brief narration it contains of the outcome of some ancient nations, such as Ad, the people of Hud, the fuel of Pharaoh, and Thamud, the people of Salih. When the verses move to reveal the essence of man and his true nature, which makes him look at things superficially without pausing and contemplating, we find the depth of proportionality and harmony between the different parts of the surah, so that this is an entry point to confront this man with his behavior, and remind him of what he does towards others who are weak out of love for this world. And its pleasures, which necessitated a reminder of the afterlife and its scenes, and an explanation of the consequences of both the wrongdoer and the doer of good.

The study aimed to build a program based on active learning and measure its effectiveness in developing critical reading skills among first-year secondary school students in Sana’a Governorate. The study used a quasi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups. To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher prepared a list of critical reading skills necessary for first year secondary school students, and a test was built to measure critical reading skills. The researcher also built a program based on active learning in accordance with the numbered heads strategy. The study sample consisted of (60) students distributed into two groups: one was a control group, numbering (30) students, who studied in the traditional method, and the other was an experimental group, numbering (30) students, who studied using the numbered heads strategy. All members of the study sample underwent a pre-test and a test. Post-test for critical reading skills. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-application of the critical reading test in favor of the experimental group. In light of these results, the study concluded with a set of recommendations.

This research deals with explaining the false foundations of the author of the two series in not relying on Al-Ajli’s commendation of some types of narrators, and weakening him based on these false foundations. He has hundreds of hadiths, wasting on those who are deceived by his rulings on them, what these hadiths contain of rulings and Sunnahs, along with explaining the invalidity of his foundations with evidence of their invalidity, and I discussed it in the introduction. Three sections and a conclusion are explained in the introduction to the research

The current study aimed to identify experts in inclusive education in light of the diversity of experience, academic level, and number of teachers in inclusive education in Jordanian public schools in Ajloun Governorate, to identify the study from (10) inclusive public schools that were targeted as a purposive sample. To achieve the goal of the study, descriptive models were used, and the researcher came up with a questionnaire consisting of (13) items referring to the data, which was built and developed based on theoretical literature and scientific articles, and ten for inclusive education, and then the answers to it were provided by school teachers. The study reached results with arithmetic means, percentages, standard deviations, the level of significance on the sub-dimensions, and the total score on the questionnaire items. The results showed that teachers’ use of evaluation strategies came to a moderate degree, with the arithmetic mean reaching (3.09) and a standard deviation (0.52). The results showed that teachers employ… Learner profiles and individual projects as assessment strategies. The results showed that teachers’ use of evaluation tools was moderate, with a mean of (3.16) and a standard deviation of (0.52). The results showed that teachers use oral assessment and test results as evaluation tools. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences for the three variables (experience, academic level, number of courses in inclusive education) and were in favor of (from one to five years – bachelor’s degree – did not enroll in courses).

The study recommended updating student profiles by teachers and parents periodically to monitor learning progress, launching more training courses and workshops for teachers who are not prepared to implement in-service inclusion, assessing the needs of education teachers, and issuing booklets explaining evaluation strategies and tools in inclusive education.

  The research problem in the main question: what is the impact of accounting information systems on investment decisions? The research aimed to verify the impact of accounting information systems on investment, the research reached the validity of the research hypotheses, the research recommended working to modernize the accounting systems of Banks operating in the city of Port Sudan to keep pace with circumstances, environment providing high- quality information for making investment decisions, and permanently training employees on it.

The artificial intelligence and the increasing independence from its users have contributed to creating many challenges that the affected group has faced when demanding compensation of the damages that is caused under the pretext of the classical responsibility system that can’t be dropped therefore this group could not benefit from the compensation, which is affecting the of society’s stability. This led to further research to other legal approaches. One of which is the possibility, the artificial intelligence can be granted legal personality and justify the basis of the arising civic responsability of damages caused by artificial intelligence.

This study aimed to diagnose the reality of state sovereignty in Yemen, and to clarify the extent of the impact of the Arab conflicts on it during the period (1990-2022). In addition to the historical and legal approaches within the framework of the descriptive and analytical approach, to discuss and analyze the research problem, by highlighting some of the political evidence that took place in Yemen.

The study concluded a number of results, most notably: the Arab conflicts affected the sovereignty of the state in Yemen, as Yemen was the weakest link in the various Arab interactions; The study also concluded that there is a direct relationship between Arab conflicts and the level of influence on state sovereignty in Yemen. The more intense the Arab conflicts were, the higher the level of influence on state sovereignty in Yemen .

The study recommended the need to end the state of division and internal conflicts, in order to build a strong state that can implement the principle of the rule of law and confront any external threats that may affect the state’s sovereignty.

The study aimed Khartoum in the hand of the Mahdi and Gordon: study of the attitude of the two men between moderation and extremism to identify the positions of the two men who stand at opposite ends of each ather around Khartoum, and the position of either one through the messages exchanged between them during the siege of Khartoum.

The study followed the documentary historical method.

The study found that the Mahdi has taken appropriate stance of the man after realizing his status among his people. therefore, thou great deal of tolerance and moderation, while Gordon failed to evaluation character Mahdi and his status, so characterized his handling of a great deal of militancy and indifference. 

The study dealt with the media circulation of the trial procedures and its impact on the course of the criminal case. The problem of the study representedin an applied shortcoming. Despite the presence of texts, there is often a negative impact on the conduct of the criminal case, especially the electronic media. The importance of the study stemmed from the seriousness and seriousness of the impact of publishing fabricated and incorrect news about court procedures through the media, especially in light of the development of information and communication means day after day. The study followed the analytical descriptive method. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The Press Honor Charter for the year 2018 stipulates that: “The journalist is not allowed to deal with what is undertaken by the investigation or trial authorities in criminal or civil cases in a way that aimed to influence the interest of the investigation or the course of the trial.” The journalist is obligated not to be present in presenting crime news in a way that encourages it and not to publish the names and pictures of the accused before they are convicted or those convicted of events crimes. The study recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: that the law, with regard to freedom of opinion, does not tolerate media professionals when they do not abide by the law for the practice of media work and the controls for publishing court news and court proceedings. The study also recommends that there be a provision requiring publishers to obtain prior permission from the court when publishing any part related to the procedures if the trial was confidential.

Greed, jealousy, and revenge are several psychological cases which have been analyzed from various literary approaches. The current paper aims to do a psychological investigation by comparing such themes as greed, jealousy, and revenge, which all result in the common theme of fratricide in the biblical story of Abel and Cain and the story of  Claudius and Hamlet’s father. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) focused on the most complex dilemmas in his works, particularly Hamlet. He portrayed Claudius’s character as evil to communicate a spiritual message to his audiences, signifying that jealousy and greed are malicious psychological problems and will ultimately result in the worst. It can also be seen that the story of Cain and Abel is a remarkable example of how greed leads to insidious motives. Stories of  Claudius and Hamlet’s father and Cain and Abel can be compared from several fields of knowledge, such as religion, art, social sciences, philosophy, history, and psychology. The other aspect that this paper will highlight is the effects that jealousy, greed, and hatred will leave on the human spirit.

beginnings of formation, to examining the influences it has received, both from the East and from Europe. This is achieved by indicating the role of translation and adaptation in understanding this ancient art form.

I also discussed some Moroccan playwrights (Ahmed Taïeb El Alj, Taïeb Saddiki, and Abdelkrim Berrached), considering their efforts to authenticate Moroccan theater by seeking its uniqueness and distinction. A section was dedicated to academic theatrical criticism, which analyzes, and studies theatrical works based on theoretical concepts and mechanisms drawn from various sciences and methodologies.

I concluded that Moroccan theater is profoundly influenced by historical and social conditions, as evidenced by the dominant themes during the French protectorate era, which revolved around aspirations for liberation and independence. Similarly, I observed a decrease in adaptation as an initial stage, being replaced by original works due to the quantitative and qualitative accumulation achieved by this theater.

Finally, I emphasized the necessity of nurturing this art form by establishing institutes and theaters, and by initiating a growing translation movement led by theater specialists. Additionally, it is crucial to grant theater creators, whether actors, directors, or writers, ample freedom, and to promote street theater, schools, and universities through festivals and seminars, as theater is primarily a culture.

   This paper scrutinizes the extreme orientalist aspects within The Alchemist (1988) of the Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho. It sheds light on the acute and hazardous relationships between the Western and Eastern worlds as reflected in the novel. Such West-East relations are built on distorted knowledge and weak bases and loaded with racial stereotypes that are dependent on ancient orientalist generalizations and simplifications. The Alchemist shows Muslims as mostly fanatics and irrational, and Arabs as primitive, barbaric, violent and aggressive. Differently, the West is pictured as having a tolerant culture, a peaceful religion and a civilized nation. The paper includes an introduction, two sections and a conclusion. The first section provides an adequate background about the novel while the following section consists of a detailed analysis of some of the orientalist images and scenes found in the novel. The paper concludes that The Alchemist is a genuine example of the orientalist piece of literature that does create a very wide gap between the mere representation and reality, texts and context. Like his previous orientalist ancestors, Coelho still shows the Islamic East as the Western dangerous ‘enemy right door’ that can never ever be trusted or left without control.

The current paper aims to investigate the processes that help Sudanese beginner teachers to manage their classroom that is the process of organizing and running the classroom matters. It is important to be tackled because the learning objectives cannot be achieved unless the classroom is managed. then a good outcome will be gained. A descriptive analytical approach was adopted to conduct the study. An interview for the exerts in the field of education at Sudanese basic and secondary school was adopted to collect the data of the study. Textual analysis for the expert’s interview was adopted as method to analyze the data to obtain the findings. The researchers found out the following results after the analysis of the data. The results are as follow: Effective classroom management is fundamental thing that the teachers can do to achieve the objectives of teaching. A lot of advice that can be studied in training courses can help the new instructors to manage the classroom. Teachers’ own experience needs long time to identify techniques for managing effective learning. Base on the results, the researchers recommend that: teachers should be aware of the purpose of classroom management. Use effective management strategies are important in successful teaching.

The research paper uses Kamila Shamsie, a Pakistani diaspora Anglophone writer’s novel Kartography as a primary text to critique the influence of occidental gaze on the diaspora female writers of Pakistan and how they end up projecting the Pakistani women from their perspective of affluent, educated status mimicking the western feminist philosophy. The study uses textual analysis and closed reading methods within the post-colonial feminism and narrative theoretical framework. The discourse of the occidental gaze, representation/misrepresentation of the Orient, objectification of women, and Western feminism have been used to question the authenticity of narratives of these diaspora writers. The purpose of this research is to highlight that the feminist theory is not monolithic and that the diaspora writers lack the authenticity to define regional feminism in Asia. In other words, they cannot shed the influence of the Western feminist philosophy and the occidental gaze because they share the same experiences of living in Western society. Since they have spent most of their lives in the West, they have been conditioned in the occidental discourse and viewpoint about their native land. This project aims to highlight variations in the feminist stance and how Asia and Pakistan specifically need a different treatment to define feminism to encapsulate Pakistani unique idiom and experiences and that diaspora women writers have the least credibility to develop one.

The volatile oil in rosemary is extracted and their effect as natural antioxidants on stored chicken meatballs is investigated. The results showed that the fresh chicken breast meat contain of 69.63, 25.20, 0.58, 1.11, 3.48% for each of moisture, protein and crude fat, total ash and carbohydrates respectively. The results indicate that the meat used was in good condition and within the acceptable range. The feder number (2.42) indicated the quality of the meat. The protein-water coefficient (PWC) and protein-water-fat coefficient (PWFC) were 0.361 and 0.358, respectively. The results obtained indicated that there was a significant difference in the effect of the rosemary leaves extract on peroxide value and on free fatty acids. a decrease in peroxide values was observed with increasing rates of addition of volatile oil, and the addition of 0.2% had the advantage in affecting the peroxide number of fresh chicken meat. The results also showed an increase in the values of oxidative stability measures with increasing storage period.

The environment is an integrated system with interlaced, multiple, and complex components. The perversion of the environment from pollution requires working on its causes and strengthening means of protection to the same. If the causes remain, the opportunities to enjoy a healthy environment free of pollution are increased.

The increase in oil production in Iraq has led to an increase in combusted gases accompanying production operations, which in turn, affects the environment by increasing its pollutants. The lack of use of devices for calculating environmental pollutants, especially advanced ones, as well as the lack of programs for monitoring sources of pollution, the most important of which are those associated with oil production, which can through it, finding real solutions to avoid the spread of pollution or reduce the same, all of this and other factors that help the spread of pollution, however, on the other hand, legislating deterrent laws for violators of environmental safety systems, as well as taking responsibility, each according to its specialty, leads to preserving the environment, in addition to focusing on the role of International Law in providing this protection for the environment from pollution.

This research will consist of two sections, the first one deals with the international law frameworks for protecting the environment from pollution, and in the second, the damage to the Iraqi environment as a result of successive wars will be discussed.

This study was conducted to estimate the nutritional value of brine shrimp (Artemia Salina) and to verify some of the functional properties of the protein concentrate prepared from it, as well as the protein concentrate prepared from it by the physical method. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the brine shrimp contains 48.83% protein, 6.11% fat, 2.89 fiber, 12.02% moisture and 29.26% ash. The results also showed that the protein concentrate of brine shrimp and the protein concentrate prepared from it by physical treatment contain 80.31 and 86.67% protein, 0.78 and 0.41% fat, 6.90 and 5.17% moisture, and 7.81 and 5.11% ash, respectively. By estimating the average ability of the protein concentrate and the protein concentrate treated by the physical method to absorb water, it was found that it was 32.17 and 32.84 g/100 g, respectively. The protein concentrate prepared by the physical treatment was characterized by a high ability to bind the emulsion, amounting to 45.12 g/100 g.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treating barley straw and olive leaves with urea on the chemical composition and digestibility of both dry matter and nutrients by sheep. The chemical composition was as follows: Treating barley straw with urea (4%) increased the CP content by more than double, or by 125%, compared to the untreated straw, while treating olive tree leaves with urea (4%) improved the CP content by 82.67% compared to the leaves. Change the treatment. The hay treatment reduced NFE by 24.42% compared to untreated barley straw, while the olive leaf treatment reduced NFE by 16.71% compared to untreated leaves. Also, treating barley straw with urea increased EE by 31.25%, while treating olive tree leaves reduced EE by 17%. The EE values for both untreated and treated olive leaves are 3.1 and 1.8 percentage units higher than those for untreated and treated hay, respectively. Also, treating barley straw with urea increased ash by 14.9% compared to untreated straw, while treating olive leaves increased ash by 18% compared to untreated leaves. The treatment of barley straw reduced the CF by 13.80% compared to the untreated straw, while the treatment of olive leaves reduced the CF by 15.30% compared to the untreated leaves. The CF content of treated and untreated straw increases by about ten percentage units compared to treated and untreated olive leaves, respectively.
The results of analysis of cell wall components indicated that treating barley straw with urea resulted in a slight increase in both NDF by 1.59% and ADF by 7.73%, while hemicellulose decreased by 8.78%, cellulose + lignin increased by 6.3%, and cell contents decreased slightly by 3.9%. Treating olive tree leaves with urea reduced both NDF by 30.03% and ADF by 32.94% compared to untreated leaves. Also, treatment with olive leaves reduced hemicellulose by 17.15% and cellulose + lignin by 46.2%, while treatment with urea increased cell contents by 40.47%. We conclude from this study that treatment of barley straw and olive tree leaves improved the nitrogen content, availability of cell wall fibers, and digestibility of nutrients.

This current study aimed to examine the role of strategic leadership in the Egyptian Youth Forum (EYF) in Istanbul and its impact on organizational excellence and the lives of Egyptian youth expatriates. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and interviews with forum members. Findings revealed that strategic leadership plays a critical role in achieving organizational excellence in EYF by establishing a vision and adaptable strategic plans and by unifying members around common goals. The study also demonstrated that strategic leaders contribute to shaping activities and attracting like-minded members. Furthermore, strategic leadership enhances the well-being of members and their impact on the community through effective strategic planning, fostering participation, and ownership. The study recommends adopting a mixed-methods approach to comprehensively understand the relationship between strategic leadership practices and organizational excellence in EYF. A random sample of 200 participants was targeted using membership lists or through event communication, and the survey was distributed online with confidentiality and obtainable consent. Statistical software was utilized to analyze the data and uncover correlations between leadership practices and forum success. Qualitative data were gathered through stakeholder interviews, including diverse leaders and members, and focus groups were formed to understand effective communication and community engagement. This qualitative approach provides precise insights into strategic leadership in EYF and its impact on members.

This study aimed to identify the relationship between financial accounting and its role in raising the efficiency of financial auditing and the quality of financial reports, and the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire was used as a main tool to collect data from the study sample, and it targeted 30 questionnaires while 29 questionnaires were obtained that were used in the analysis by the statistical analysis program (SPSS), and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are:  sound accounting information helps in the quality of financial reporting,

, The study recommended the need for financial institutions to keep pace with the technical developments of accounting information systems and the process of auditing and reviewing electronic systems.