The development of resistance of the white yeast Candida albicans to commonly used antifungal treatments in healthcare facilities, especially hospitals, has become increasingly urgent. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative treatments. In our current study, we attempted to test the sensitivity of the white yeast C. albicans to six (aqueous-methanolic) extracts of the most important Libyan medicinal plants used in traditional folk medicine: Thapsia garganica, Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia herba-alba, Phlomis floccosa, Juniperus phoenicea, and Pistacia atlantica, at increasing concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400) mg/ml using the disk diffusion method. The results of the study showed the presence of anti-yeast activity for the extracts of the Dryas and Artemisia plants, especially the high concentrations of the methanolic extracts. The results also showed weak activity for the other medicinal plant extracts, especially those of the Flower plant. However, further studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of these extracts for use against yeast in clinical infections.

The relationship between the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a relationship of integration, given that the International Committee of the Red Cross is the founder of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Each framework carries out the tasks it undertakes, which, although different, are based on the statutes of the International Movement and the independence of each component of the Movement, while emphasizing the importance of cooperation between them for a single goal, which is to protect people and their health, ensure their human dignity, and alleviate suffering without any discrimination based on nationality, religious beliefs, color, or political affiliations of the person.

The research aims to identify the level of feeling of psychological loneliness and psychological security among female students of the Faculty of Education, Naima, Bakht Al-Rida University, and to reveal whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of feeling of psychological loneliness and the level of psychological security among female students of the Faculty of Education, Naima. To achieve the research objective, the researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the study sample consisted of (60) female students. The researcher used a questionnaire for both psychological loneliness and psychological security. The research reached several results, including: that the level of feeling of psychological loneliness among female students of the Faculty of Education, Naima, Bakht Al-Rida University was low, and that the level of psychological security among female students of the Faculty of Education, Naima, Bakht Al-Rida University was high, and that there is a negative correlation at the significance level (0.01) between psychological loneliness and psychological security among female students.

The importance of this article lies in its attempt to illuminate the difficult circumstances experienced by some members of the Tétouan community during the various transformations and crucial upheavals of the nineteenth century. Structural elements intertwined with circumstantial factors, producing a number of marginalized groups, most notably the poor. Studying them represents a primary academic contribution to constructing a more comprehensive urban history based on the documentary evidence that sheds light on them—albeit briefly.

Thus, we will attempt to highlight the reality of these poor people through social indicators (food, drink, clothing), as a starting point for chronicling the oppressed who were forcibly excluded from traditional local writings because—in the eyes of the dominant powers—they were savages and scum who did not deserve it.

This research examined the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) approach to crisis management and how to resolve it. It aimed to highlight the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) role in crisis management, taking the Battle of the Trench as a model for its solution, given its complexity.

The research followed a descriptive-analytical approach and a historical approach, as they are the most appropriate for narrating and analyzing events.

The research yielded several conclusions, including that victory in battles is not achieved by large numbers and abundant weapons, but rather by the strength of the army's morale.

Penetrating enemy ranks through discouragement and deception was a reason for God's victory for His Prophet. The emergence of new techniques in warfare, previously unfamiliar to the Arabs, such as the Battle of the Trench, emerged.

The research recommends reading, teaching, and implementing the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) biography and Sunnah, and following the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) approach to crisis management.

Expanding scientific research related to the biography to highlight the aspects that underlie society.

This study aimed to highlight the relationship between media and politics through the components of the political media system and its impact on shaping political reality in Sudanese society. It also aimed to assess public opinion trends toward national issues by evaluating the political output of television programs. This study analyzed political discourse to reveal the impact of media policy on content, the quality of media discourse, and the extent of the influence of foreign media on addressing issues.

Methodologically, this study is a descriptive research that aims to depict, analyze, and define the characteristics of a particular situation. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. The researcher designed a questionnaire to measure the impact of programs on shaping public opinion, targeting the political elite in the Red Sea State. The researcher also employed content analysis, a research method that seeks to describe the content of a phenomenon to meet research needs formulated in the form of questions and to uncover intellectual and cultural backgrounds.

After presenting, analyzing, classifying, and interpreting the data, the researcher reached a set of conclusions:

It indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between the media agenda and the public agenda, represented by issues of unity, democracy, peace, and political dialogue.

Political media plays a mediating role in the political process in Sudanese society by linking the leadership with the public.

The study results confirmed that political media is directed media that seeks change, bias, or determining the public's attitudes according to the goals of the communicator.

The study concluded that Sudanese society is a multicultural and multi-orientation society, and therefore the media works to reinforce its attitudes more than it influences the formation of public opinion.

The viewership rate of political programs on national television is high among the political elite, reaching 100%, through continuous exposure or exposure depending on the recipient's circumstances.

Among the negatives identified by the study's findings are:

Political programs do not address the audience's way of thinking, there is a monotony and stereotyping in their presentation, and they rely on emotionality in their discussions. They do not select appropriate personalities, and rather, certain faces are frequently repeated in many programs.

Some respondents also indicated that the program presenters lack boldness in their presentations, intellectual presence, and the ability to convey the message in simple language.

Teaching any language as a mother tongue differs from teaching it as a foreign or second language, whether in terms of objectives, methods, teaching approaches, or assessment. This requires that the educational programs offered to learners in both cases differ.

A careful examination of Arabic language teaching programs for non-native speakers will find that they adopt all traditional methods, both old and contemporary. These methods include teaching using traditional methods and unsophisticated educational tools, which have had a significant impact on the delayed learning process for these groups.

It can be argued that several factors have contributed to the perception of the problem, the most important of which are:

- The inadequacy of modern educational methods in teaching Arabic to young learners.

- The difficulties faced by non-native Arabic learners in learning to listen for comprehension and subsequently the ability to speak fluently.

- The effectiveness of educational methods in improving the quality of education, as proven by the results of numerous studies.

The current research was limited to the following: third-grade primary school students at Dar Al-Saeed School in Swabi City. It was also limited to developing the listening and speaking skills of students at the school using modern educational methods.

The current research attempted to answer the following questions:

- What modern educational methods are effective in developing the listening and speaking skills of third-grade primary school students at Dar Al-Saeed School in Swabi City?

- What is the extent of the students' listening and speaking skills?

- What is the effectiveness of modern educational methods in developing the listening and speaking skills of students?

Therefore, the current research aimed to:

- Identify modern educational methods in developing the listening and speaking skills of students.

- Identify the extent of the students' listening and speaking skills.

- Identify the effectiveness of modern educational methods in developing the listening and speaking skills of students.

To answer the research questions and achieve the objectives, the following tools were developed:

- A questionnaire on the listening and speaking skills required for primary school students.

– A proposed unit on listening and speaking skills based on modern educational methods.

– A teacher's guide for teaching the proposed unit.

Measurement Tool:

This is a test required for primary school students at Dar Al-Saeed School in Swabi City. This test is used when applying the research experiment to learners. It should be noted that the current research uses a single-group experimental design with pre-tests and post-tests.

The most important results of the research are as follows:

1. A list of listening and speaking skills required for primary school students at Dar Al-Saeed School in Swabi City was identified.

2. The percentage of listening and speaking skills required for primary school students at Dar Al-Saeed School in Swabi City was 55.4%, which is equivalent to a "weak" rating.

3- There is a statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the learners - the research sample - in the pre- and post-applications of the listening and speaking skills test in favor of the post-application, which indicates the effectiveness of using modern educational media strategies in developing the listening and speaking skills necessary for primary school students at Dar Al-Saeed School in the city of Swab Yagi.

This study aims to identify the subject of Abrahamic peace within societies that include more than one ethnic and religious component within one state, and to spread the idea of political coexistence from the perspective of Abrahamic peace and to identify the origin of the concepts of Abrahamic peace and political coexistence, as well as the concept of peaceful coexistence and its origin, the concept and meaning of the term, its rules and determinants, and the international circumstances accompanying the emergence and emergence of the idea of peaceful political coexistence according to the rules, determinants and vision of the Abrahamic peace project, and the conditions for achieving political coexistence in society, and the human values that peaceful political coexistence achieves, and what are the most important results that we obtain if we achieve political coexistence in countries that have experienced wars among themselves or civil war.

The study aimed to identify the level of psychological adjustment (personal and emotional) among deaf children and its relationship to their academic achievement. The study used the descriptive correlational comparative approach, as this study was conducted on a sample of special education specialists, totaling (40) specialists, using the questionnaire as a scientific research tool, and using a number of statistical methods, including the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, Gutman reliability coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient. The results indicated that the level of personal and emotional adjustment among deaf and hard-of-hearing children was good. The results also indicated the presence of statistically significant differences among deaf children attributed to the gender variable (males/females) in favor of males. It also indicated the presence of a positive and statistically significant correlation between the degrees of academic achievement and the level of personal and emotional adjustment among deaf and hard-of-hearing children.

Since ancient times, the Tadla-Ouardigha region has been a haven for saints and righteous people, due to their vital roles in the lives of individuals and communities among the region's tribes, whether in the Upper Tadla region, where the Ouardigha tribes reside, or in the Tadla Salaf tribes. A large number of saints, righteous people, and shrines are found throughout the region. Given the vastness of the region and the diversity of sacred objects, we will consider only two examples from each area of the general Tadla region: the Sharqawiyya Zawiya from the Upper Tadla-Ouardigha region, and the Zawiya al-Sum'a from the Lower Tadla region. These two corners played pioneering roles within the framework of the religious educational function, represented in teaching people the foundations and rules of the Islamic religion, such as ablution, prayer, and fasting, and social functions provided to many individuals from different social classes, represented in rain-seeking, treating diseases, shelter, nutrition, clothing, protection from injustice... and political functions represented in the reconciliation of individuals and groups, especially between the tribes inhabiting the region.

Relations between countries, one of the most important tools of which is foreign policy, are governed by several determinants, which led us to discuss diplomacy and its development. Due to the tremendous development in technological progress and the communications revolution, along with other factors, it has taken on new forms, the most recent of which is popular diplomacy. Therefore, our research included the nature and concept of international relations. It also briefly touched on diplomacy in general in terms of development and concept, reaching informal diplomacy in terms of its origins, goals, and tools, and in particular, explaining popular diplomacy. The research adopted several experiences as an applied model for practicing this type of diplomacy in the Arab region, including the United States’ use of popular diplomacy in Egypt, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s attempt to benefit from this type of diplomacy, and the Libyan attempt in this field, reaching the last one in Palestine through the use of digital popular diplomacy. The research stands on the extent to which these countries have used it, the results they have achieved through practicing popular diplomacy, and the possibility of employing it to improve the reality of their relations with countries in the region and the world.

Sufism has been an important part of the Islamic heritage, and its history has witnessed many milestones. At the beginning of the third century and the beginning of the fourth century AH, it witnessed a clear turning point with the emergence of Sufi sects. Later, Sufi zawiyas emerged. After representing an individual tendency, Sufism became a collective, ritualistic practice, encompassing issues that warrant consideration. A contemplator of our reality today will notice the proliferation of these Sufi sects and the diversity of their religious activities and movements to attract new followers.

The Zawiya al-Karkariya is one of the contemporary Sufi sects that combines ancient Sufi heritage with modern influences and the spirit of the age characterized by technological advancements in all fields, especially in the audio-visual field. This has contributed to the introduction of the new method and the gathering of disciples around it. It is also one of the zawiyas that have recently spread to many Arab, African, and Asian countries. Perhaps its most important saying is: "The method is seen. Whoever does not see, you are not my sheikh, nor my disciple." It is the Maliki method of jurisprudence and the Ash'ari method of belief. It was named after the Moroccan Muhammad Fawzi al-Karkari, and is based on seven principles: “the patchwork, the secret, the seclusion, the name, the presence, the rosary, and the litany.” It is also, as it defines itself, “the method of light and observation.”

This study addresses one of the issues of prophethood related to its finality and its evidence. It begins with understanding humanity's need for prophethood and its distinctive reality that distinguishes the Prophet from other claimants of prophethood. It also explains what is related to ancient and modern prophets, their most prominent movements and the factors behind their emergence and the continuation of some of them in the present age. It also highlights what is related to this from the claim of awaiting the final prophet and the suspicions of denying the finality of prophethood. Then, it refutes and disproves both the claim of awaiting and the suspicions of denial, and invalidates what is related to them from the claim of prophecy. It presents the evidence and proofs, transmitted, rational and realistic, sufficient to refute and invalidate those claims and claims, and prove the finality of prophethood with the Muhammadan mission, with what those proofs contain of the foundations upon which the dominance and continuity of the Islamic message and its finality are built.

The study aimed to examine political systems in Jordan and their impact on media freedoms, emphasizing the relationship between the media and the political system, and the implications of legislation on media and press freedoms.

To achieve the study's objective, the researcher relied on several approaches: descriptive, historical, and comparative. This approach was used to study data and facts, compare and interpret them, and then extract their implications to achieve the main objective of the media study in Jordan.

It also identified the relationship between the media and the political system and the implications of legislation on the media.

To achieve the study's objective, the researcher relied on several approaches: descriptive, historical, and comparative. This approach was used to study data and facts, compare and interpret them, and then extract their implications to achieve the main objective of the study. This approach was based on published scientific facts and opinions by specialists in the field of research, as well as newspapers, periodicals, websites, and electronic journalism.

The study consisted of five chapters: an explanation of the research problem and approach, the development of Jordanian media, the impact of the political system on the media, a critique of media legislation, and findings and recommendations. The study's most prominent findings are summarized as follows:

The Jordanian political system was no different from any other political system in the world in its interaction with the media.
The relationship between the political system and the media was governed by the political events and circumstances that Jordan experienced during its recent history.
The press and publishing laws issued in Jordan were mostly authoritarian, with the exception of the 1953 and 1993 laws, which restricted media freedom by various means.
The researcher's most important recommendations:

Reflecting the political regime's constant calls for political reform regarding media freedoms by enacting liberal and liberal laws.
Issuing a modern press and publishing law that unleashes media freedoms and grants journalists a journalistic freedom that meets their aspirations and hopes.
Regulating journalistic work, particularly online, and preventing non-journalists from practicing the profession by enforcing mandatory membership, especially after the emergence of numerous cases of encroachment by journalists who have abused the profession by practicing journalism for profit and blackmailing others.
Establishing a single authority for the media, namely the Media Commission, and not establishing other departments or institutions, as happened following the abolition of the Ministry of Information.

This study examines mediation as a mechanism for achieving criminal reconciliation, considering it one of the most important alternative means for resolving criminal disputes. It is characterized by its effectiveness and efficiency in establishing restorative justice, based on reforming the offender, redressing damages, and compensating the victim.

This study highlights the precise concept and nature of the criminal mediation system, as well as the methods by which criminal reconciliation can be achieved. It also highlights its importance in bringing the parties together to reach an amicable solution that ends criminal disputes. It also examines the extent to which this mechanism has been adopted by various criminal legislations as an effective mechanism for achieving reconciliation and harmony in societies.

The coronavirus is an unprecedented threat, but it is also an unprecedented opportunity to stand together against a common enemy and an enemy of humanity.

Since World War II and the end of the twentieth century, especially after the invention of the computer in the 1960s, the first nucleus of the technology industry, the world has witnessed a steady increase in the role of computers and information in economic development. Knowledge has become the primary driver of production and economic growth. The focus on information and technological data has become an accepted factor in modern economies, leading to the emergence of new terms such as the education economy, the knowledge economy, and the economy.

This study attempts to read and explore pre-Islamic poetic texts. Based on our understanding, some of their influence on Senegalese Arabic poetry is identified, after further study and analysis. The study consists of an introduction and two chapters:

The introduction briefly discusses the Arabic language in Senegal and Judge Majkhet Kall. The first chapter discusses Judge Majkhet Kall's poetry, while the second chapter examines the influence of pre-Islamic poetry on Judge Majkhet Kall's poetry. The conclusion includes sources and references.

Despite the success of jojoba cultivation in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and its promotion as an agricultural solution for desert, environmental, and industrial agriculture, the researcher was required to analyze the cost structure and revenues of this crop and compare its cultivation feasibility with that of its cultivation in the Arab Republic of Egypt, where jojoba cultivation projects have become investment-oriented and of large economic scale. This is to protect agricultural investors from various investment risks, including high costs, low demand, and the lack of an active market for jojoba oil.

The researcher adopted a descriptive and quantitative approach and used discounted and undiscounted financial indicators and sensitivity tests to examine and analyze the economics of jojoba cultivation in Jordan. The researcher concluded that irrigated jojoba cultivation and production is currently economically unfeasible and sensitive to rising costs and declining revenues. He concluded that any jojoba cultivation project should be based on export contract farming for the sale of oils, not fruit, at prices that achieve reasonable profits for the investor.

This study aims to deduce the factors that distinguish the Islamic Ummah in Surat al-Jumu'ah. It relied on established exegetical books, both ancient and contemporary, to study the verses. It concluded with the following key findings:

Surat al-Jumu'ah is the only surah in the Qur'an named after a day of the week, a day that God has singled out for Muslims. This is a sign of distinction. Six points were deduced from the surah, which are the reasons why the Islamic Ummah is distinguished from other nations:

1. By monotheism and the brotherhood and unity that flow from it. 2. By the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

3. By the Holy Qur'an. 4. By the universality of its religion and its conformity with human nature. 5. By its allegiance to God Almighty, unlike the Jews.

6. By the day that God has singled it out for, Friday.

I recommended the necessity of the nation adhering to these characteristics in order to regain its former glory, the necessity of paying attention to Friday prayers and not neglecting them, and the necessity of raising children to love their Prophet and to embody his morals, teaching them the Qur’an and taking them to Friday prayers. All of these matters develop in the child a love for his religion and instill in his heart the secret of its distinction.

In the development of language, one word denotes one meaning. As it develops, words appear, each of which denotes more than one meaning, and meanings denoted by more than one word. Sibawayh referred to this in his book, and those who came after him coined the terms synonymy, homonym, and antonym. Linguists and those engaged in interpretation and jurisprudence were concerned with the effects of this linguistic development on the reality of language during the ages of argumentation, and they wrote books about it. Linguists have agreed on the definition of these linguistic phenomena, but up until our time, they have not agreed on their existence. Some acknowledge their existence, others deny it and interpret its evidence. Contemporaries have mediated and acknowledged their existence while rejecting much of its evidence. Research has shown that ancient linguists did not disagree on the existence of these phenomena in linguistic reality, but rather agreed. The group of deniers attributed the occurrence of these phenomena to dialectal and linguistic causes. This is not considered a denial of the phenomena, but rather an explanation of their existence in linguistic reality.

The study aimed to examine the phenomenon of poverty in terms of its causes and effects in Port Sudan and to identify important mechanisms for alleviating poverty in the study area.

The researcher used a behavioral and descriptive approach in this study, as well as simple statistical methods. Information was collected using various methods, most notably direct observation, personal interviews, and questionnaires, in addition to secondary sources such as books, papers, reports, and periodicals.

The study revealed that poor economic and political systems, widespread financial corruption, and the absence of sound policies are among the most important causes of poverty in the region. The study also found that the spread of homelessness, begging, and family disintegration are among the most significant effects of poverty in the region. The study concluded that solidarity in all its forms, encouraging national and foreign investment, and a shift toward the sea are among the most important mechanisms for combating poverty in the region. The study recommends the need to focus on education, skill and capacity development, and women's empowerment to combat poverty in the region.

The issue of educating and rehabilitating people with hearing disabilities is a civilizational challenge for nations and societies. Therefore, many researchers and those interested in this group have conducted many studies that examine everything related to them, especially those aspects related to educating and rehabilitating this group. From this standpoint, the researcher conducted this study to shed more light and identify the reality of using modern technology in educating and rehabilitating this group and the benefits of using it in educating this group. This study used the descriptive analytical approach, with a sample of (75) specialists from audiology and speech therapy. The questionnaire was also used as a tool for collecting data and information. It also used a number of statistical methods, including the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, relative weight, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the reliability coefficient using the split-half method. The results indicated a great consensus among the study sample members on the importance of using modern technology in educating and rehabilitating people with hearing disabilities. The results also indicated a number of benefits obtained from using modern technology, such as improving their hearing, pronunciation, and communication, acquiring academic and social skills, improving the level of e-learning, and raising the expected results from it.

COVID-19 is the abbreviation for Coronavirus Disease 2019. Since its first discovery in China, it has now spread worldwide, with reports of local transmission occurring in more than 200 countries. A series of measures have been proposed to reduce COVID-19 infections, including knowledge and awareness of prevention and control.

Objective: To assess the epidemiological development in the municipalities within the jurisdiction of the University of Fezzan, which includes six municipalities: Reguiba, Wadi Atba, Murzuq, Traghen, the Eastern Region, and Al-Qatrun, to inform appropriate decisions regarding the safe return of classes at the faculties of the University of Fezzan.

Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted using external data collection. This was done by reviewing the statistics records of infection control centers regarding COVID-19-related infections in the municipalities within the jurisdiction of the university, which includes six municipalities, and the infection rate during the period from July 24, 2021 to August 20, 2021.

Results: Based on the municipalities' monitoring records, the results revealed a significant spread of the coronavirus, particularly in the municipality of Rgiba, which includes the Faculty of Engineering. The municipality saw a high rate of infection, with the number of infected cases per capita reaching 65.07%, a high rate compared to other municipalities.

Conclusions: In light of these results, our study showed that the main advisory committee at the University of Fezzan, responsible for implementing the epidemiological framework for a safe return to study at the university's faculties, is working to implement the epidemiological framework.

In 1965, the idea of a “fuzzy set” was created. Since then, this key set has been used by scholars across numerous fields. To model human participation in human-based intelligence to achieve modernity in many fields, such as data analysis, data mining, image coding and explaining, and intelligence systems, fuzzy set has proven to be quite promising and effective. Because of its wide applicability and fruitful applications, fuzzy set theory is now a recognized area of study in both pure and practical branches of mathematics and statistics. Fuzzy sets have been a central area of study for quite some time, and yet they continue to pique the interest of scholars who hope to find answers to pressing problems by challenging fundamental assumptions. Through collaboration, the members of a fuzzy set can efficiently address a wide variety of physical world problems that may be outside the purview of traditional methods. This suggests that the fuzzy set may be adaptable enough to deal with a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, those involving decision making, intelligent data analysis, information processing, pattern recognition, and optimization.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to go more deeply into the recent developments in fuzzy set theory and the broadening of fuzzy set theory to include applications in other areas of mathematics and engineering, such as group theory, ring theory, statistics, topological spaces, graph theory, decision making, and other fields of applied science.

Researching the biographies of the resistance fighters who participated in the resistance to colonialism is an important material that helps researchers in the field of contemporary history to identify and simulate a group of incidents and events that had positive and negative effects on the people of Oued Zem during the French colonial era (1912-1956). Therefore, there was an urgent and pressing need to preserve the memory and history of the region.