This article raises the problem of religious thought between the necessity of renewal and its obstacles, considering that it is one of the systems of human thought, which in every age needs to develop and update its principles, means and tools Considering that it is one of the most important discourses affecting individuals and societies, which guide his behavior and convictions, therefore, the various epistemological motives require the imposition of serious and rational opportunities away from the ideology of belonging and the ideology of the idea to modernize and Employing contemporary religious thought in line with the current developments and contemporary problems, according to mechanisms that distance it from the morass of inertia and imitation.

This study explores the impact of digital transformation on seaport services, highlighting the importance of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain in enhancing maritime operations’ efficiency, reducing costs, and promoting environmental sustainability. It examines successful implementations of these technologies in global ports like Rotterdam, Singapore, and Barcelona. The study also addresses challenges of digital transformation in ports, including handling massive data volumes, integrating diverse systems, securing operations against cyber threats, and emphasizes the role of these innovations in creating smarter and more sustainable ports.

The present study offers an applied contribution to the investigation of the allelopathic effects of the (Euphorbia prostrata) on seedling germination and growth of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) and Two Weed Species . The methanolic Euphorbia prostrata  extract significantly affected the germination of seeds of Medicago sativa, Setaria verticillata and Chenopodium Murale. At a concentration of 10 g/L of the Euphorbia prostrata extract, complete inhibition of germination of Medicago sativa and Chenopodium Murale was recorded. While the percentage of seed germination inhibition was recorded as 88.15% for Setaria verticillata at a concentration of 10 g/L. However, the Euphorbia prostrata extract affected the percentage of root growth inhibition of plants and the results revealed slight differences. At a concentration of 10 g/L of the Euphorbia prostrata extract, the highest percentage of root growth inhibition was recorded (97.94%, 94.32% and 98.18%) for Medicago sativa, Setaria verticillata and Chenopodium Murale, respectively.  Allelopathic effect of Euphorbia prostrata extracts on shoot growth inhibition rate of Medicago sativa, Setaria verticillata and Chenopodium Murale. At 10 g/L concentration, the complete inhibition rate was observed for Setaria verticillata and Chenopodium Murale. While the highest shoot growth inhibition rate was 94.80% for Medicago sativa.

The majority of the tools we have previously utilized for formal modeling, reasoning, and computing exhibit clarity, predictability, and precision. When we say “crisp,” we are referring to a response that is limited to either a clear yes or no, without any ambiguity or shades of gray. In classical binary logic, a proposition can be either true or false, but not both simultaneously. In the field of set theory, an element can be classified as either a member of a set or not. In the field of optimization, a solution can be classified as either feasible or infeasible. Precision refers to the accurate representation of the parameters of a model, reflecting either our perception of the phenomenon being modeled or the functioning of the actual system being represented. Precision often entails a clear and unambiguous model. 

This study primarily focuses on three main topics. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive treatment of fuzzy sets of type n, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. This includes an example, mathematical discussions, and real-life interpretations of the underlying mathematical concepts. Secondly, it explores the potentials and connections between fuzzy logic and probability logic, which have not been previously discussed in a single document. Lastly, it examines the representation of random and fuzzy uncertainties and ambiguities that arise in data-driven systems.

This research aimed to reveal the effect of interactive digital stories in improving reading skills among individual education students in the city of Sakhnin from the teachers’ point of view, in improving linguistic fluency and correct pronunciation of words and in improving the use of punctuation marks and pauses among weak-achieving primary school students, then verifying the existence of statistically significant differences in the sample’s opinions about the effect of these interactive digital stories in improving reading skills attributed to the variables of years of experience, academic degree and number of technological courses. To achieve these objectives, the current research relied on the descriptive correlational approach and the questionnaire tool that was applied to a purposive sample of (40) male and female teachers. After analyzing the results, it became clear that there is a positive correlation between the use of interactive digital stories and improving reading skills in terms of linguistic fluency, correct pronunciation, and the use of punctuation marks, and that there is a high impact of these stories in improving linguistic fluency, and a high impact of these stories in improving pronunciation, and that these stories also have a high impact in improving the use of punctuation marks and pausing among weak-achieving primary school students. The results showed differences in the response of sample members to the effect of interactive digital stories in improving reading skills among individual education students attributed to the variable of years of experience in favor of (6-10 years), and differences according to the variable of academic degree in favor of the two categories of Master’s and higher than Master’s, and differences attributed to the variable of the number of technological courses in favor of the category (4-6 courses). The researcher recommended increasing the use of interactive digital stories in various purposeful lessons and diversifying narrative methods in teaching to attract their attention and reduce individual differences between them. And among the top achievers.

The study aimed to reveal the degree of use of social networking sites among students with hearing disabilities, to identify the extent to which the use of social networking sites varies depending on the gender, age, and academic level of the study sample members. The study consisted of (94) students with hearing disabilities in Jordanian universities (Yarmouk, Hashemite and Jordan) during the second semester of the year (2022/2023). The individuals of the study sample were selected according to the simple random method and the tool was distributed to them electronically. The social communication scale prepared by the researcher was applied and the psychometric characteristics were confirmed. The results showed that the values of the arithmetic averages on the paragraphs of the use of social networks among students with hearing disabilities at the Hashemite University are high, and also there are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05≥α) between the average responses of individuals about the use of social networks due to the variable of gender, age and academic level.

The study aims to investigate the impact of a program based on art therapy in reducing the symptoms of alexithmia and raising the level of self-efficacy in abused women at JRF. The study sample consisted of (30) abused women from reviews, and they were randomly distributed evenly into two groups: an experimental group, and a control group. To achieve the objectives of the study, the cognitive self-efficacy scale and the use of the Toronto alexithema scale were developed from the preparation of Al-Ziadat and Sharifin (2017), the indicators of honesty and consistency of the scales were confirmed, as well as a therapeutic program based on art therapy, consisting of (13) counseling sessions, was developed and the program

The results showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in telemetry on measures of alexithmia and perceived self-efficacy, where the experimental group performed better than the control group, an indicator of the effectiveness of the pilot program. The results also showed that there were no significant differences between the performance of the experimental group members in remote application and follow-up on the alexithmia scale, meaning that the effectiveness of the pilot program continues. The researcher also recommends the training and qualification of mentors in international and local organizations concerned with working with abused women in Jordan.

The present article carefully examines the significance of context as the determinant of denotative meanings of colour terms in the Qur’an, and the ensuing of other inherent connotative meanings. The article reveals that the context per se determines the denotative meanings of the colour terms through colour denotative meanings in a wider context of the Qur’anic verses. The article shows the aesthetics of colour terms only in context, drawing on theories of semantics. The article further addresses these theories and prominent theoreticians and the principles on which their theories are built. The article also tackles the implications of colour terms in the Qur’an, with much focus on explicit colour terms (i.e., with clear interpretations) rather than vague terms which forge further interpretations. Finally, the article shows that colour terms have been crucial for expression and discourse, and the implications of these terms have been ‘unsound’ and various.

This research aims to explore the role of the Arab Reading Challenge program in developing critical thinking skills among secondary school students in schools in the villages of East Qalqilya. The program is one of the largest Arab initiatives that aims to encourage reading and motivate students to develop their academic and personal skills. With the spread of modern technology, it has become necessary to provide educational programs that support critical thinking and analysis, and contribute to developing students’ abilities to understand and interpret texts in depth.

The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach, as data were collected through interviews with a group of students and teachers participating in the Arab Reading Challenge program. The research sample was randomly selected from secondary school students in schools in the villages of East Qalqilya, and the sample included a number of students who participated in the program effectively. Research tools such as questionnaires and direct interviews were used to analyze the impact of the program on the development of critical thinking and analytical skills among students.

The results showed that the Arab Reading Challenge program contributed significantly to enhancing students’ critical thinking and analysis skills. Students indicated that the program helped them develop their abilities to understand deeply and summarize, and increased their cognitive curiosity towards exploring more topics. It was also noted that the program played a role in improving the academic performance of students, as they became more able to analyze and critique the subjects they study.

The results also indicated that the role of teachers in motivating students was pivotal to the success of the program, as continuous encouragement by teachers contributed to increasing students’ interaction with the program. The results also showed that the program helped develop students’ communication skills by encouraging them to express their ideas with greater confidence.

The research concluded that the Arab Reading Challenge program is an effective tool in developing critical thinking and analytical skills among secondary school students. It is recommended to enhance such programs in schools and provide more support from teachers and the Ministry of Education to ensure that the largest number of students benefit from these educational initiatives.

Startups face a variety of challenges when using digital marketing communications to promote their products and services. This analytical study aims to explore these challenges and understand their impact on startup performance. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of 20 main questions and five demographic questions, and 60 startups from various economic sectors participated in the questionnaire.

The results showed that the majority of participating companies are small in size (50%) and operate mainly in the fields of information technology and e-commerce. These companies suffer from a lack of financial resources (41.7%) and lack of experience and knowledge (33.3%) as the most prominent challenges. They also face difficulty adapting to rapid technological changes (58.3%) and intense competition from large companies. 75% of companies use digital marketing strategies regularly, focusing on social media (50%) and email (25%) as the main tools. However, half of the companies face difficulties in measuring return on investment (ROI) and challenges in targeting the right audience due to lack of data and analysis. In terms of human resources, half of the marketing teams in startups have average experience, and 58.3% of companies invest in training their employees in digital marketing. 41.7% of companies consider content marketing strategies effective, while they face challenges in producing creative content due to lack of ideas and resources. The results indicate that startups need financial and educational support to enhance their digital marketing capabilities. It is recommended to develop innovative and flexible strategies, improve financial resource management, increase investment in training, and use data analysis tools more effectively. By addressing these challenges, startups can achieve sustainable success in a changing and dynamic digital marketing environment. 

The study aimed to analyze the level of academic ambition among third-year secondary school students in Idlib Governorate. The sample consisted of 332 students randomly selected from Al-Ahlam and Al-Nahda schools, encompassing both scientific and literary tracks. The study employed questionnaires to collect data related to academic ambition, facilitating the acquisition of comprehensive and accurate information. A descriptive analytical approach was adopted, allowing for the description of the studied phenomena and the analysis of relevant data.
The results indicated that the level of academic ambition among students was high, with most participants expressing a desire to achieve high academic goals. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample based on gender or academic track, suggesting that both genders and tracks share a comparable level of academic ambition.
The recommendations include providing guidance on study methods and exam preparation techniques, encouraging support from teachers and parents, and emphasizing the importance of career counseling programs. Additionally, it is advised to teach students how to perceive failure as a learning opportunity and to organize counseling sessions to assist them in clearly defining their academic goals.

This paper presents a Development of Web application for Infectious diseases system. The system provides assistance to patients, identifies and selects doctors based on the location and the specialties of the doctors. The system allows patients to make appointments with doctors and assigns reminders to take the prescribed medications and vaccinations. The application provides various reports to the Ministry of Health on infectious diseases and the areas where these diseases are found in Sudan, which enhances the contribution of technology in combating infectious diseases. The results of testing the applications show a big saving of time and mobility of doctors and patients. Understanding the different steps in the prevention and treatment of Infectious diseases will help individuals make informed choices that contribute to maintaining their health and safety and preventing potential risks, this represents a positive reflection of the contribution of information technology in the health field.

This paper aims to investigate the influence of the mother tongue on learning English as a foreign language. The important objective of this paper is to find out the effect of the mother tongue on learning the English language. The main hypothesis is that many factors affect students’ performance one of them is mother tongue. The population of this paper consists of White Nile University Students and faculty of the Arts Department of English Language. The researchers adopted a descriptive analytical approach (SPSS) for data analysis and a questionnaire was used for data collection. The sample of consists of 40 students selected randomly at White Nile University, Faculty of Arts, Department of English Language. The most important finding is that: the mother tongue affects negatively EFL students learning level. The paper  recommends that: teachers should use English language inside the class more than students’ mother tongue, 

The oxidation of iron has been associated with problems especially during handling, shipping, and storing. Among these problems are fires resulting from re-oxidation of previously reduced iron in direct reduction factories. 

The oxidation of the direct reduction of iron (DRI) is an exothermic reaction, which usually proceeds to a violent fire in the direct reduction (DR) plant. Fire destroys equipment and lives leaving an economic emotional disaster. [3]. The purpose of this research paper is to identify and study the causes of this problem and give some recommendations to overcome it.

 The results of this research indicate that fires are directly related to the oxidation of Directly Reduced Iron, DRI. It has been found that the major part of the problem was the stability of the FeO phase. Imposing a set of operating conditions will change the situation and prevent the occurrence of fire in the product discharge and also help prevent further oxidation of DRI.

This study aimed to identify the level of psychological preparation among football players in some sports clubs in Sabha city and to examine the impact of psychological preparation on achievement motivation among these players. To achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was designed, validated, and tested for reliability. After data collection, the results were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study sample consisted of 30 football players from the first division league for the 2023/2024 sports season. The main findings of the study indicated that the level of mood regulation among football players in Sabha city was moderate, while the level of personal resilience was high. Additionally, the administrative traits of the players were found to be moderate. The results also revealed statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) in volitional traits between athletes based on the age category, favoring the senior category. The researchers recommended the necessity of employing a sports psychologist alongside the team coach to prepare athletes in a harmonious and comprehensive manner across all aspects. Furthermore, they emphasized the importance of not neglecting psychological preparation, as it is a critical factor in achieving positive results.

This study aimed to explore the impact of climate change on vegetation cover in the Northern Region during the period (1984–2022). The study employed the historical method to identify the type of vegetation cover in the Northern Region, relying on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Additionally, the descriptive-analytical method and statistical techniques were used to analyze quantitative data related to rainfall and temperature, utilizing the SPSS program for calculating (arithmetic means, standard deviation, t-test, and regression coefficient).

The study revealed:

• Spatial and temporal variations in vegetation cover density, with 2004 identified as the year with the highest average vegetation cover density. The western and southwestern areas were found to be the most abundant in vegetation cover of high to very high density.
• A strong influence of temperature and rainfall (climate change) on vegetation cover density in the Northern Region, with a correlation degree ranging from 0.97 to 0.98 as indicated by the regression coefficient.

The study recommends emphasizing the importance of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies in monitoring the development of vegetation cover in the Northern Region.

This research focuses on examining the impact of the principle of Sadd al-Dhari’ah (blocking the means) on the concept of sovereignty, addressing the tension between the sovereignty of Sharia and the sovereignty of the people or the nation. This debate carries significant implications for the nature of the political system in a Muslim state, the applicable laws, and governance principles. Sadd al-Dhari’ah is a critical jurisprudential principle, serving as a mechanism for adapting to developments, safeguarding the objectives of Sharia, and preserving the spirit of legislation. It is one of the most essential principles underpinning ijtihad (independent reasoning) in deriving rulings for new issues.

In this study, we analyzed the impact of the principle of Sadd al-Dhari’ah in the context of those who advocate for popular sovereignty versus those who uphold the sovereignty of Sharia. The study concluded that granting sovereignty to the people ultimately leads to a departure from the objectives of Islamic Sharia. This results in ruling by what Allah has not revealed, deviating from Islamic sources of legislation, and contradicting them.

This research addresses the topic of divorce for those who are permanently or temporarily incapacitated, given the importance and gravity of this issue for individuals and society. The research is divided into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. In the first section, we discussed divorce, its definition, its legitimacy, its categories, its pillars, and its rulings. In the second section, we covered legal capacity, its definition, its types, and its impediments. The third section focused on the rulings of divorce for those who are permanently or temporarily incapacitated, such as divorce by the insane, mentally deficient, asleep, intoxicated, coerced, or jesting individuals, among others.

The study also presented the legal perspective through references to the Jordanian Personal Status Law, the Majalla (Ottoman Civil Code), and some appellate decisions, if available, to make the research comprehensive from both the Sharia and legal perspectives.

At the conclusion of this research, the study arrived at several findings, the most important of which is that for a divorce to be valid, the person must be of sound mind and legally responsible. There are two types of legal capacity: capacity for obligation and capacity for performance, and each can be either complete, partial, or nonexistent. If both capacities are fully present in a person, their divorce is valid; however, if the capacity for performance is absent or diminished, then their divorce is invalid according to the majority of scholars.

The study aimed to explore teachers’ opinions of the benefits and challenges of using storytelling as a teaching strategy in the Triangle area. The study used a quantitative method, specifically a questionnaire, to collect data from 42 female teachers. The results revealed that teachers face several obstacles in applying storytelling, with the most prominent being limited time and the diversity of students’ levels, which makes it difficult to adapt stories for all students. Despite these challenges, teachers expressed a positive opinion of storytelling’s effectiveness in enhancing student interaction and understanding. The results also highlighted the need for appropriate educational resources to support the effective use of storytelling. Furthermore, teachers emphasized the importance of more preparation time and professional development opportunities. Based on these findings, it is recommended to organize professional development workshops focusing on storytelling techniques and to provide a variety of educational resources, including both printed and digital stories that can be adapted to different age groups and student abilities.

This research aims to study the prescriptive rulings related to the impact of organ transplantation and transfer on ritual purity from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective. The study involves defining the Islamic ruling and its classifications, clarifying the concept of organ transfer and transplantation, and highlighting the importance of these medical practices. It further examines the prescriptive rulings concerning the impact of organ transplantation and transfer on ritual purity, such as the ruling on the effect of transferring an organ from a Muslim donor on the recipient’s purity, the ruling on transferring an organ from a non-Muslim donor on a Muslim’s purity, the ruling on transferring an organ from a pure animal on a Muslim’s purity, and the ruling on transferring an organ from an impure source on a Muslim’s purity.

The study aimed to explore moral intelligence and its relationship with self-esteem among high school teachers in East Jerusalem schools from the teachers’ perspective. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher employed the descriptive-analytical approach and developed a questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of 118 high school teachers. The study utilized several statistical methods through the (SPSS) program to analyze the results.

The findings revealed that the moral intelligence variable scored at a high level, and the self-esteem variable also scored at a high level. Additionally, the results indicated no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in moral intelligence and its relationship with self-esteem among high school teachers in East Jerusalem schools from the teachers’ perspective attributed to the variables of gender, academic qualification, and years of experience. However, there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in moral intelligence attributed to the age variable. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in self-esteem among high school teachers in East Jerusalem schools from the teachers’ perspective attributed to the age variable.

The study recommended the necessity of providing awareness programs for teachers about moral intelligence and self-esteem and their importance in education. It also emphasized enhancing teachers’ efforts to address the challenges they face by fostering and solidifying moral values. Furthermore, the study suggested conducting additional research on moral intelligence and self-esteem, incorporating new variables not included in the current study.

Bu araştırmada Mahmud bin Ahmed el-Konavi، Bazı Alimlerinrükû ve rükûden kalkış sırasında elleri kadırmanın namazı bozduğunu iddia etmelerini ele almıştır، ve bu iddianin İmam Ebu Hanife’ye nisbet ettiklerini Belirtmiştir.

Yazar، bu iddianın Hanefi mezhebine ait kitaplardan deliller ile geçersiz Olduğunu izah etmiş ve Ellerin kaldırılması namazı bozmadığını Göstermişti.

Ayrica، elleri kaldırdığı için Şafii mezhebine mensup birinin arkasında namaz  kılmanın caiz olmadığını tartışmışve ümmetin ellerini kaldıranların arkasında namaz kıldığını Belirtmiştir.

This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic Islamic legal measures that contribute to reducing family problems related to separation, whether due to disputes and discord or defects, while highlighting their role in enhancing family stability. The study is divided into two main chapters: the first focuses on the legal measures concerning separation due to disputes and discord, addressing the concept, legitimacy, and ruling of separation, in addition to the role of arbiters in resolving marital conflicts. The second chapter examines the legal measures related to separation due to defects, clarifying the types of defects, the rulings on separation because of them, and the position of personal status laws on these issues. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology to explore Islamic texts and scholars’ opinions, alongside a deductive approach to derive rulings.

The study revealed that separation is a legitimate measure aimed at protecting both parties from harm and that the arbiters appointed by the court play a crucial role in family reconciliation. It also highlighted that many defects previously warranting separation are now treatable due to medical advancements, which helps reduce separation cases. The study recommends enhancing family awareness, mandating medical examinations before marriage, and improving arbitration procedures to ensure fairness and effectiveness in decision-making.

This research aims to examine the importance of “communication culture” and its impact on the Islamic discourse in Western countries. We will focus on the following communicative areas: social, cognitive, and educational, and their repercussions on the Islamic discourse in the West.

Methodology: The researcher has followed the Descriptive Analytical Method which considers the analysis of the phenomena of the social, cognitive, and educational systems that characterize contemporary Western society, and extrapolates the data to arrive at the results of the subject which will answer the central question that we raised in the introduction of this research. 

Findings: The study showed the need for contemporary Islamic discourse to engage in the preparation of contemporary religious programs, to create a new generation of advocates who are socially, cognitively, and educationally qualified, and to establish an Islamic discourse surrounding the cultures and languages of other nations and peoples, their customs, traditions, social ages, and educational and political systems.

Le Groupe Dawa et Tabligh est l’un des groupes influents dans la diffusion de la culture islamique et la promotion des valeurs religieuses au Tchad. Cette étude vise à analyser l’influence du groupe dans la société tchadienne et à évaluer les défis auxquels il est confronté à la lumière de la volatilité économique et politique. , et les conditions de sécurité. La lumière a été faite sur les méthodes et moyens utilisés par le groupe pour transmettre la culture islamique et son impact sur les valeurs sociales et religieuses des individus.

Les résultats indiquent que le groupe joue un rôle important dans la promotion de l’identité islamique et de la cohésion sociale, malgré les défis liés au financement, à l’éducation et au manque de reconnaissance officielle du groupe par le gouvernement. Les membres du groupe souffrent d’un manque de connaissances et de connaissances. l’éducation, ce qui affecte l’efficacité de leurs efforts de plaidoyer. L’étude recommande que le Dawah et le Tablighi Jamaat améliorent l’éducation et l’apprentissage, fournissent un financement durable et recherchent une reconnaissance officielle pour améliorer les performances de plaidoyer. L’étude souligne également l’importance de la coopération entre le groupe et les organismes officiels pour soutenir les efforts de plaidoyer et atteindre les objectifs souhaités. objectifs.