This study aimed to study the subject of the right to freedom and expression as a natural and inherent right of every human being, and one of the rights guaranteed by local constitutional legislation and international legislation in international law and international conventions because it is linked to one of the most important freedoms that any law grants to humans and because it is considered one of the pillars on which the democratic system is based and determines the position of the state at the international level in terms of its care for human rights and respect for international laws and the extent of the development of its legislative system. The study showed the expansion of freedom of opinion and expression to all written, oral, visual and other media and that the international organization of this right differs in terms of legal controls and standards from the Jordanian legislative organization in some legal texts and provisions, which affects the framework of freedom of opinion and expression in Jordan, especially with the recent amendments to the laws related to the subject.

As a result of industrial progress and man’s race against time، and his relentless pursuit to increase production and reduce costs، all of these reasons led to the search for automated control systems that are suitable for these requirements، which led to a rapid development in automated control systems، as man in the present era seeks to transform all… The procedures and arrangements accompanying the industrial process are transformed into automated processes، that is، they are controlled automatically، in order to avoid human errors and reduce downtime. Programmable control systems with multi-purposes and functions have been designed، which، with simple or complex ideas، can replace the human element، and it has been Ensure that the human element plays the role of monitoring and development. In this research, we will design a program to conduct preventive maintenance using PLC and HMI. We will use Step 7 and Wincc to simulate the design، and connect each HMI with the PLC using MPI or PROFIBUS. This design is considered in general and does not relate to a specific facility، as each facility has its own privacy in maintenance and operation processes، and this program performs preventive maintenance.

The current research aimed to identify the role of implementing SMART techniques in developing strategic thinking skills from the perspective of mathematics teachers. It also sought to examine the significance of differences between the mean scores of the sample participants on the questionnaire regarding the role of implementing SMART techniques in enhancing strategic thinking skills, based on variables such as years of experience, educational qualifications, and training courses. The descriptive analytical method was employed, and a questionnaire consisting of 18 items distributed across three axes was applied. The results indicated that the role of implementing SMART techniques in developing strategic thinking skills from the perspective of mathematics teachers was high. The axis of “Information Analysis Skills” ranked first with a high level of agreement, while the axis of “Future Planning Skills” ranked last, also with a high level of agreement. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in the mean scores of the participants’ responses on the questionnaire based on the variable of years of experience, favoring those with less than 10 years of experience, as well as based on the variable of educational qualifications, favoring higher studies. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the mean scores of the participants’ responses on the questionnaire based on the variable of training courses.

This research aims to explore the graphical imagery aesthetics in contemporary Saudi poetry, specifically focusing on Jazan poets. It analyzes the dimensions of employing poetic images, their role in constructing meaning, and producing aesthetic shades. The study concentrates on metaphor, simile, allegory, metonymy, and allusion. Utilizing the stylistic and rhetorical approaches, it examines representative poetic samples from diverse Jazan poets, revealing graphical imagery aesthetics

This research aims to study the effect of adding different concentrations of licorice extract (1, 3, 5) g/l on the germination of the seeds of the marshmallow and nightshade plants, where the experiments were conducted in the Horticulture Laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture in Deir Ezzor at Al-Furat University.

The results of the research showed that adding licorice extract at the studied concentrations to the seeds of the marshmallow plant led to a significant increase in the average number of germinated seeds compared to the control, while this addition had no significant effect on the number of germinated seeds of the nightshade plant seeds, but on the germination speed, which increased in the nightshade plant significantly when adding the concentrations (3 and 5) g/l compared to the lack of effect on the germination speed for the marshmallow plant when adding the three concentrations.

The rate of emergence of the marshmallow plant seedlings increased significantly when adding the concentration (5 g/l), while it increased in the seeds of the nightshade plant when adding the concentrations (1 and 3) g/l, and a significant correlation was found between the rate of emergence of the seedlings and the germination speed.

This study aimed to review the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Ubari Gas Plant to establish a future reference database, by monitoring emissions from the plant using an emission monitoring device.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) The average annual concentrations were 5.23 mg/m3, with a monthly average ranging from 2.96 to 7.12 mg/m3, within the permissible limits of the General Environment Authority (2008) and the Egyptian Environmental Law (2005).

Nitrogen Oxides (NOₓ) The average annual concentrations were 35 mg/m3, with monthly averages ranging from 17.64 to 61.54 mg/m3, in accordance with the Libyan (200 mg/m3, 2008) and Egyptian (3000 mg/m3, 2005) standards.

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) The average annual concentrations were 3.67 mg/m3, with a monthly average of 1.8 to 4.36 mg/m3, within the limits set by the General Authority for the Environment (1000 mg/m3, 2008), the Egyptian Environmental Law (2500 mg/m3, 2005), and the European standards (300 mg/m3, 2010 UNECE).

Particulate matter The average annual concentrations were 38.12 mg/m3, with monthly averages ranging between 22.07 and 61.12 mg/m3, not exceeding the Libyan (100 mg/m3, 2008), Egyptian (300 mg/m3, 2005) and European standards (100 mg/m3, 2010 UNECE).

The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are monitoring and follow-up to reduce exhaust emissions, as well as relying on clean energy to preserve the environment. 

 The study aimed to know the degree of employing project-based learning (PBL) in the educational process from the point of view of teachers of the first three grades in Ajloun Governorate. The study followed the descriptive survey research method due to its suitability for the purposes of the study. The study sample consisted of a group of teachers of the first three grades in Ajloun Governorate, and their number reached (171) teachers who were randomly selected. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was constructed consisting of (20) paragraphs representing project-based learning. The validity and reliability of the performance were verified, and the study resulted in the following: First: The paragraphs of the tool came in high and medium degrees. Paragraph No. (17) ranked first, which states: “I am keen to create an atmosphere of fun during the implementation of the project,” with an arithmetic mean of (4.1647) and a standard deviation of (67670). Paragraph No. (3) ranked last, which states: “I am interested in implementing all activities if they appear,” with an arithmetic mean of (3.0529) and a standard deviation of (98667). Second: There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (20.05) in the degree of employment of teachers of the first three grades for project-based learning in the process, attributed to academic qualification and experience.

The process of knowledge transfer in projects is one of the key challenges faced by organizations and companies striving for sustainability and competitiveness in the market. Knowledge transfer directly impacts work efficiency, the achievement of strategic goals, and the development of competencies. Despite its importance, knowledge transfer through projects faces numerous challenges. This study aims to identify and evaluate these challenges and explore ways to overcome them through a comprehensive methodology.

The methodologies used include descriptive approaches to describe the data, variables, and factors influencing knowledge transfer; analytical methodologies to analyze these data and variables; comparative methods to compare the variables and their effects on knowledge transfer; as well as quantitative data collection and scientific approaches to explain analytical theories and fundamental concepts.

The results indicate the existence of multiple factors and variables affecting knowledge transfer processes. These can be broadly categorized under two primary challenges: the lack of tools and techniques for knowledge transfer, and limited time and human resources. Under these two categories, other factors such as cultural and linguistic differences in tacit knowledge, resistance to change, and fear of job or income loss during the transition process can be understood.

The findings also reveal that the correlation coefficient for the first challenge with knowledge transfer was 96%. Addressing these challenges is essential to achieve institutional sustainability and ensure greater efficiency in implementing future projects.

The results of the germination experiment for wheat and lentil seeds showed that the highest germination percentage was 100% when the seeds were irrigated with water. While the germination percentage decreased in the remaining treatments, as it was 96.7% for wheat and 93.3% for lentils in the sodium chloride treatment, and ranged between 86.7% and 96.7% in the remaining treatments. The decrease in germination is due to the increase in salt concentration, especially in the mixture treatment. And that irrigation with sodium chloride solution led to an increase in the length of the vegetative group of wheat plants compared to the other treatments, while irrigation with sea straw extract affected the increase in the length of the roots, while the effect of the mixture treatment was variable. In lentil plants, the extract treatment showed the highest increase in the lengths of the vegetative and root groups compared to the remaining treatments. As for the wet weights of wheat and lentils, they showed a significant increase in the treatment of the mixture of sodium chloride with sea straw extract. While saline solutions such as sodium chloride had a positive effect on the growth of the vegetative group and roots in wheat. The dry weight results showed a significant decrease in the sodium chloride treatment in wheat, while the extract had a greater effect on increasing the dry weight of the root system in wheat and lentil. The mixture treatment led to balanced improvements in plant growth compared to high salinity. Chlorophyll showed the highest percentage in the mixture treatment, as the total chlorophyll percentage (a+b) in wheat was 0.474 mg/g, reflecting a positive response of plants to this treatment.

This study examines the principle of res judicata, which is particularly significant due to its role in ensuring the stability of legal positions. The frequent confusion between res judicata authority and the strength of a decided case further amplifies the importance of this subject.

The study concludes with a set of findings and recommendations, the most prominent of which is that when a judgment is issued in a specific dispute, the law considers it as consistent with the truth and a reflection thereof, even if it is not so in reality. The principle of res judicata generally applies to the dispositive part of the judgment, but not to all its components. The study also recommends that the Jordanian legislator explicitly stipulate that the authority of res judicata extends to the reasons for the judgment to avoid difficulties in determining which parts of the judgment are covered by this authority.

This study focuses on the concept of preemption (shuf’ah) and its forfeiture cases under Jordanian legal and judicial regulations. According to the Jordanian Civil Code, preemption is regarded as a right, while the Court of Cassation considers it a privilege. The distinction lies in that a privilege permits the exercise of general freedoms, such as the freedom to contract and own property, whereas ownership itself is a right. A right is established based on a specific cause, while a privilege stems from legislative permission.

The study also differentiates between preemption, preference, and priority in the Jordanian Civil Code. Preference applies to buildings, while priority applies to state-owned lands (miri). One condition for preemption is competition among claimants, where the Egyptian legislator allocates each preemptor their share proportionate to their ownership in the property. In contrast, the Jordanian legislator divides the property equally among claimants, regardless of their ownership shares.

Certain legal transactions permit preemption; for example, the Jordanian law extends preemption to gifts with consideration, treating them as sales. However, specific sales are exempt from preemption for various reasons. The Jordanian law limits preemption, priority, and preference to partners, excluding cases of neighborhood.

For preemption to be valid, the legal transaction must involve a sale or a gift with consideration. Additionally, the preemptor must remain the owner of the property subject to preemption until the process is finalized, either through judicial ruling or mutual agreement. Certain sales are exempt from preemption, such as those between ascendants and descendants, relatives up to the fourth degree, in-laws up to the second degree, spouses, and sales made through public auction.

Preemption cannot be fragmented; a preemptor cannot claim part of the property while leaving the rest. The indivisibility of preemption is a principle of public order, and courts must apply it automatically, as it constitutes grounds for dismissing the case.

The issue of the impact of testimony in proving crimes of retribution in Islamic jurisprudence and law is considered one of the important topics at the present time and occupied many researchers, and many jurists spoke about it, and explained its provisions and controls, and in the light of this researcher dealt with the definition of testimony, its ruling, legitimacy, pillars, conditions and authority in Islamic jurisprudence law, And its quorum in proving the crimes of retribution, and the impediments to testifying and reversing it in retribution crimes, in which the comparative descriptive approach was followed, through which the most important results were reached represented by the fact that the Sudanese legislator did not set a specific quorum for testimony to prove the crimes of retribution and did not require the justice of the witness. 

 The researcher recommended the Sudanese legislator to add to the texts related to retaliation from the offender a text that permits retaliation from the group for one person, as it is not fair to take retaliation for the group from a single offender without taking retaliation for the one victim from the group in intentional felonies against the soul. 

The research was entitled (Ruling on the Transfer and Transplantation of Organs from the Umit Neighborhood) and I followed an inductive-deductive-comparative approach، and through this research، it became clear to me. It is not permissible to transfer the reproductive organs that transmit hereditary traits، the ovaries in women and the testicles in men، and it is not permissible to transfer organs that have no counterpart، such as the heart and liver، because of their destruction They agreed that it is not permissible to transfer organs in exchange for money، because it is an insult to human dignity and makes buying and selling vulgar. Donation is permissible if it is within the legal limits and controls necessary for that، and that if a man returns his restored organ to its place، it will remain pure، and if the harvested organ is transplanted as retaliation، it is more likely not to repeat retaliation، because retaliation occurs by revealing the member once. They mentioned signs of death، including cessation of breath، blurring of vision، relaxation of the feet، extension of the face and no contraction، and coldness of the body. It is permissible to transfer organs from the dead to the living when the conditions specified by scholars and jurisprudence academies are met، especially the organs that save human life from destruction

In this research article, the prophetic hadiths about the Khorasan region have been collected and investigated.

According to the results of the research، it seems that such hadiths are mostly authentic، some of them are good and some of them are weak.

These hadiths are related to religious، social، political and other topics. The purpose of the research is to get familiar with the thematic research of the prophetic hadiths and to correct the beliefs of the prophetic prophecies about the related topics.

الكلمات المفتاحية: المياه، الIn this research paper, the instructions of the blessed religion of Islam regarding the economic value of water are under investigation. There is an incentive to use better and better. Water is the basis of life on Earth, and it is a vital and indispensable element in all aspects of economic life. It plays an essential role in several economic sectors such as agriculture, industry, and energy, and food production, energy generation, and heavy and light industries depend on the availability of water on a sustainable basis.

This study examines the importance of water in various sectors, including agriculture, industry and services, and how water shortages affect economic growth. The study also discusses the challenges associated with water resources management and provides recommendations to improve their use.

The Legal seclusion is considered a legitimate means to achieve a marital life for male and female inmates of the correctional institution. The visits that inmates receive during their sentence in rehabilitation and reform centers are a method of rehabilitation aimed at respecting human and marital rights. Inmates always seek to communicate with the outside world, and one of the most prominent means of communication provided by the centers’ administration is the Legal seclusion. Since the Jordanian legislator explicitly stipulated this right in the Law of Rehabilitation and Reform Centers and in the instructions for Legal seclusion for inmates, the subject of this study focuses on understanding the inmates’ need for Legal seclusion in light of their social and psychological conditions. This research focuses on the concept of the legal seclusion of inmates, their right to practice it, the general and specific rulings regarding it, and the mechanism for its implementation. The researcher used the inductive method after envisioning the reality of the problems faced by inmates due to the non-application of legal seclusion, in addition to the analytical method after analyzing the provisions of the legal seclusion instructions for inmates and the feasibility of applying them in practice. The researcher concluded at the end of the study with a set of results and recommendations, the most notable of which is that the right to private conjugal visits is currently granted by an administrative authority’s decision, which constitutes a violation of the nature of this right as it is an individual right that requires legal guarantees to ensure its practice. The researcher recommended that the authority to grant the right to conjugal visits should be assigned to the judiciary instead of the administrative authority, to ensure the protection of the inmate from the possibility of administrative abuse or the denial of this right without legal justification.

This study came to shed light on the judicial notifications that were mentioned in the Jordanian Civil Procedure Code No. 24 of 1988 AD and its amendments for the year 2019 AD, while addressing the examination of this issue in the relevant procedural laws such as the Implementation Law No. 25 of 2007 AD and its amendments for the year 2022 AD, and the electronic notifications system for the year 2018 AD. The study explained how the reporting procedure and its conditions, the legal implications of it, identifying its problems and the proposed solutions to solve the emerging problems. The study showed the types of judicial notifications and the advantages and disadvantages of each type

The researchers relied on the descriptive approach and the analytical approach in the study, so he analyzed the legal texts on the subject of the study, and described the judicial cases that apply to those texts through court rulings.

The researchers concluded that judicial notification is a very important procedure. Because it is the first step in the consideration of the case, it is a legal act that has a direct procedural effect, and attention must be paid to the notification dates or the periods during which the notification must take place. The researchers also concluded that the bailiff is the link between the court and the person required to be notified, and he must be given special attention, in order to take into account the correct conditions and procedures for notification. The researchers also concluded that the correct reporting procedure is a conclusive legal presumption of knowledge, and it is not permissible after that to claim lack of knowledge, and notification is correct if it is done by legal means.

Empathy in early childhood develops through guided upbringing that helps children understand and respond to others’ emotions in a positive way. At a young age, children can recognize emotions such as joy and sadness, but they need ongoing support to understand how to react appropriately.

One crucial aspect of nurturing empathy is assisting children in identifying their feelings and understanding how these feelings impact others. Through daily situations or activities like reading stories or watching educational programs, children can learn how to engage with others’ emotions and comprehend different emotional states.

Empathy is not just about expressing emotions but also about interacting with others respectfully and supportively. Children learn through real-life examples when they see empathetic behaviors modeled by those around them.

Based on the importance of Semitic language studies and identifying their origins and proximity to al-Suquṭrīyah language, this study is entitled: “Common names between al-Suquṭrīyah and ancient Yemeni languages – al-Sabaʼī lexicon as a model -a comparison with Semitic languages.” This study examines the terms of common names between al-Suquṭrīyah and ancient Yemeni, focusing on al-Sabaʼī lexicon. The researcher used the comparative descriptive approach.

The studied names are arranged in alphabetical order (A, B, T, Th, J, H, Kh, D, Dh, R, Z, S, Sh, S’, 9, D, Dh, T, Th, A, Gh, F, Q, K, L, M, N, H, W, Y). Similar terms to al-Suquṭrīyah in the al-Sabaʼī lexicon are identified, written in Latin and Arabic as presented in the lexicon and writing al-Suquṭrīyah in Arabic letters, with the addition of the lateral shīn, denoted as (ڛ). There is no equivalent in Arabic. Then a similar pronunciation is mentioned in al-Suquṭrīyah while comparing it to other Semitic languages as much as possible.

Al-Suquṭrīyah material was orally collected from reliable narrators for whom al-Suquṭrīyah is their mother tongue. The researcher’s Suquṭrá heritage facilitated this process, ensuring a deep language understanding. Other languages were gathered from lexicons, studies, and auxiliary references.

The study found many common names between the two languages as well as several other Semitic languages that share the two languages. The study concluded that al-Suquṭrīyah and ancient Yemeni languages share many terms, and these languages, along with other Semitic languages, share many of these terms.

This research, titled “The Liability of Non-Human Acts (Al-‘Ajma’ Jubar): Its Meaning and Contemporary Applications,” is structured into an introduction, a prelude, four chapters, and a conclusion. The study explains the concept of liability in both linguistic and terminological contexts, the meaning of the Hadith “Al-‘Ajma’ Jubar” (the liability of an animal’s harm is waived), and defines liability and its causes, such as contracts, possession, damage, obstruction, and deceit. It also outlines its conditions, including harm, negligence, and causation. Furthermore, the research examines the liability for damages caused by animals during the day and night, discusses the views of the four Islamic schools of thought on the matter, and extends the analogy of crop damage to other damages. The study also explores contemporary applications, such as modern vehicles, including cars, and evaluates their analogy to the Prophetic Hadith. The research concludes with key findings, including instances where vehicles can be analogized to animals, as discussed by jurists.

This study was conducted in the Bougerdega area, east of Wadi Al-Shati in southern Libya, to examine the impact of black wells on the surrounding environment and biosphere. Samples were collected from a black well, a nearby agricultural well, and soil from various depths and directions around the black well. Additionally, plant samples adjacent to the black well were analyzed.

The study revealed that the water from the black well exhibited suboptimal quality characteristics, with a pH of 7.45, indicating slightly neutral water, and a high level of dissolved salts, with an EC of 2158 and TDS of 1506. The black well water also contained high concentrations of biodegradable organic matter, with BOD values of 239.7 and COD of 386. However, no detectable concentrations of cadmium or lead were found in the black well water. In contrast, the groundwater from the nearby agricultural well recorded a pH of 6.7, lower organic matter concentrations (BOD 1.6 and COD 3.7), and elevated sodium and calcium levels.

Regarding the soil, the study identified varying levels of lead and cadmium, with the highest lead concentration recorded in the southern area (7.5 ppm) compared to the western region (3.5 ppm). Both lead and cadmium concentrations decreased with depth. Plants growing adjacent to the black well showed no detectable levels of lead or cadmium.

This study examines the effects of the strategic vacuum in the Middle East, resulting from the failure of a number of states in the region, through a structural-functional approach. It assumes that the Middle Eastern structure represents a distinct, chaotic, and complex regional pattern in which a range of regional and international powers (multi-polarity) compete to achieve various interests within the region, expand influence, hegemony, and prestige, or suppress threats arising from failure/competition and contain them within the region (multiple dimensions of competition). All competing powers (states and non-state actors) operate within a multifaceted strategic vacuum (multiplicity of vacuums). This multifaceted competition reinforces uncertainty, increases tensions in the region, exacerbates security challenges, and heightens the rivalry between opposing projects within the same regional structure. Despite the lack of synchronization between the level of militarization and the level of military operations among the competing powers (between power and the use of power), an additional and distinct variable from the balance of power comes into play, which is the audacity or the willingness to compete within the region. This indicates the increasing complexity of armed conflicts in the Middle East in the short-term.

The study aimed to identify the impact of creative accounting practices on the quality of financial information from the point of view of internal auditors working in Libyan commercial banks, as well as to identify the impact of practicing creative accounting methods in financial statements (financial position, income, cash flows, equity) on the quality of financial information in Libyan commercial banks. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach by collecting data through a questionnaire. The study sample consisted of some internal auditors and employees working in the audit department in Libyan commercial banks. (35) questionnaires were distributed and (32) questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods using the statistical program (SPSS), and the results were extracted.

   The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between creative accounting methods and the quality of financial information in Libyan commercial banks, and that there is a positive relationship between creative accounting methods in financial statements (financial position, income, cash flows, equity) on the quality of financial information in Libyan commercial banks. 

The study aimed to discover the relationship between self-efficacy and psychological well-being among kindergarten teachers in the Triangle area within the Green Line.

Study methodology; To achieve the study objective, the descriptive correlational approach was used, where the study community consisted of kindergarten teachers in the Triangle area within the Green Line, and a random sample of (156) teachers was selected, To collect data, the self-efficacy scale developed by Schwarzer & Jerusalem (1995) and the psychological well-being scale developed by Sarasjarvi et al. (2023) were used. After confirming their validity and reliability, they were applied to the study sample.

Results: The results showed that the level of self-efficacy among kindergarten teachers was generally average, and there were no differences in the level of self-efficacy attributed to the variables of academic qualification and experience. The results also showed that the level of psychological well-being was generally high. Finally, the results showed a positive correlation between self-efficacy and psychological well-being among kindergarten teachers in the Triangle area within the Green Line.

Study recommendation; The study recommended the necessity of holding training courses for kindergarten teachers in order to enhance their self-efficacy.

This study aims to analyze the impact of obtaining international quality certifications (ISO) on the performance of seaports. The research highlights the importance of quality in enhancing port efficiency and competitiveness through implementing standards such as ISO 9001 for Quality Management, ISO 14001 for Environmental Management, and ISO 45001 for Occupational Health and Safety. It explores the experiences of leading ports such as Jeddah Islamic Port, Abu Dhabi Ports, and Singapore Port in applying these certifications and their effects on service improvement, cost reduction, and customer satisfaction. The study also emphasizes the role of effective management and digitalization in enhancing service quality and achieving institutional excellence.