This study dealt with the talk about poetic music, which is considered one of the most important artistic studies in the modern era. The study tried to provide some detail and clarification on the subject. The study aimed to identify the artistic formations that the poet resorted to build his poetic music and his skill and artistry in combining musical connotations. The two researchers used the descriptive analytical method, which is based on collection and analysis, then criticism and conclusion. One of the most important results that the two researchers reached was that: musical formation according to the poet Mahamat Oumar Al-Fal is based on observing the prosodic rules, and following the prosodic heritage as much as possible, and the external poetic music did not vary according to him. He was committed to the form of vertical poetry alone, and did not touch upon free verse, as many of his contemporary Chadian poets did.

This thesis aims to address one of the categories of modern narrative theory، The “Point of View” is closely related to the “Narrator” and the technique he utilizes in storytelling. The narrators’ styles in telling a story and forming its structure are different. This difference is the cornerstone of the narrator’s knowledge and upon which the distance between him and the characters, his functions – that integrate with the other elements of the story: the dialogue, the description.The research is based on seven pivotal steps:

1- Historical reference to the term

2- The narrative reference to the term

3- The opinions of some theorists about the term in modern criticism

4- The narrator in storytelling

5- Factors that determine the narrator’s features and creative ability

6- Narrator functions

7- Types of narrators

  The use of psychological warfare in the speech of Pope Urban II in1095  (the Council of Claremont as an example)    

      Urban II’s speech at the Council of Clermont in 1099   was an important event in the history of psychological warfare. The aim of a speech delivered by Urban II, the leader of a powerful kingdom, was to influence the minds and emotions of his audience to achieve specific strategic goals. Psychological warfare involved the use of psychological warfare. The speech was delivered in this context, as Urban II sought to raise the morale of his forces while sowing doubt and fear among his opponents. Urban II used various rhetorical strategies to achieve the goals of psychological warfare. He used persuasive language, vivid images, and appeals to emotion to instill a sense of unity, purpose, and righteousness among his followers. At the same time, he sought to portray his enemies as formidable and cruel, aiming to create a sense of dread and uncertainty among them , Along with fear and intimidation, fear and intimidation were among the main themes of Orbán’s second speech. He strategically emphasized the strength and ruthlessness of his forces while portraying his opponents as ruthless and unforgiving. In doing so, he aimed to instill fear in the hearts of his enemies, and create a psychological advantage for his forces. In addition to fear tactics, Orbán II’s speech focused on mobilizing his forces and promoting a sense of unity and purpose. He used rhetoric extolling the virtues of loyalty, courage, and sacrifice, with the aim of rallying his troops to an unwavering commitment to their cause.

 That opinion has two parts: A/ Divided Department: It is the opinion that opposes the texts with the agreement of the majority of scholars that intended that the majority of scholars are on the defamation, and the measure that contradicts the writers and the Sunnah and that it is not permissible to work with it, no boy, or a judiciary, so what was narrated from the friend of the nation and I teach it from the denial of opinion (Abu Bakr Al -Siddiq, may God be pleased with him) : 

“Which land take me and any sky that will remain me? May God bless him and grant him peace. B/ Mahmoud Department: It is the opinion corresponding to the book and the Sunnah, and the ongoing evidence on which the nation colluded, received behind them from their predecessors; Rather, a collusion with him from the opinion is only right. That is the custom of proverbs, then I depend on what you see, I love her to God and resemble her to the truth …).

The study aimed to identify the most prominent forms of academic corruption in institutions of higher education, its challenges and its danger to the educational system, the efficiency of outputs and its danger to society and the labor market, and to identify the policies that must be drawn up by decision makers to reduce all types of academic corruption, in order to propose and build educational policies to develop and develop the ethical system to reduce Academic corruption. The study used the descriptive analytical developmental approach to review the literature and previous studies. The policies were built on four main pillars: competition control laws, emphasis on the role of the state, development of recruitment criteria, freedom, and independence. The study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which are 2. Building a clear ethical system that includes clear rules, procedures, and penalties to hold any immoral behavior accountable with deterrent penalties.

 This article aims to address the relationship between the media and public opinion in order to know the nature of that relationship in terms of influence, as the media is one of the most important factors contributing to the formation and shaping of public opinion because it is its primary driver. It is the one that provides the public with information and news with the aim of persuading and influencing opinions and behavior.  It is possible to form an opinion about an issue without obtaining information about it.

 The article attempted to introduce the concept of public opinion, its origin, the most important functions it performs, and the stages of its formation

Man has worked in the oases to create a productive system aimed at achieving self-sufficiency, controlling the management of territorial resources in order to exploit and preserve them, and to face the various natural hazards and problems that can assail him, because the domain, despite the possibilities and resources at its disposal,  remains inaccessible if it is not subjected to a preparation and organization capable of making it accessible to man and transforming them according to his own ends. Especially with the dynamism witnessed by these fragile and sensitive areas, which have prompted the human oasis to seek optimal and sometimes complex ways by inventing many forms of organization and preparation to face the different natural hazards that threaten the oasis field and create strategies to adapt to all transformations.

In this regard, and motivated by the need to monitor the spatial dynamics of the central oases of the Drâa. We present this intervention to contribute to the diagnosis of natural risks of natural origin, in order to develop scientific concepts that allow the creation of clearly defined strategies for the management of these risks in semi-desert areas.

With the development of science in various fields and the increase in the human need for development and innovation, especially in the era of technology, many concepts and various terms have appeared in the field of science, including e-learning, which is the title of this research, and more precisely, the statement of the effect of this educational method in acquiring foreign languages, specifically the English language. This research consists of two chapters. These chapters include definitions of some concepts mentioned and clarifications of some types of e-learning and their theories. Then, they deal with the historical English language review in some regions. Also, this modern method raises questions about whether it is suitable to be adopted independently in education. This research fills the gap in those questions by answering them. Then, this research concludes with a conclusion and sources.

The issue of the fatwa is one of the issues that requires research, verification, and development, due to the audacity and lack of fear that have been witnessed in recent years, especially from satellite channels and social media. Perhaps most of the research that dealt with the issue of the fatwa did not pay attention and did not pay attention to its influence by artificial intelligence. And the intrusion that could befall it from those driven by the obsession with fame, or those who own smart software if they are enemies of Islam. This is what makes every Muslim stand in defense of every legal science, especially the fatwa, in light of this digital wave. It is necessary to set a set of ethics and legal controls that restrict and determine the ways of exploiting this software in the religious field, which also define and restrict the exploitation of the fatwa to legitimize some software that violates humanity. In this context, I combined the fatwa and artificial intelligence, so I talked about the fatwa, its ruling and conditions, then the fatwa of satellite channels and social media, their relationship to reality, taking into account doctrines and approaches, then the dangers of artificial intelligence to the fatwa and the necessity of reducing them.

  The research examines an important book of Andalusian heritage books, by the encyclopedic author (Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib) who died (776) AH, and the research focused his research effort on the introduction, because of its great value in the statement of the impact in the beginning, and to identify what happened in the imagination of the author, just before authoring the book, and the study of the curriculum on the one hand, and the reasons and reasons on the other hand, and then study all that was mentioned in this introduction, of stylistic features related to aesthetic or rhetorical issues, trying to clarify them, and to indicate their impact on the introduction; Because of the introduction speech of an important impact in directing the recipient, and drawing his reading path in the book, the introduction is not only initially intended by the author, but a network of information, provided by the author of the text in a short text space, but it carries secrets and subtleties, which the reader does not find in the body of the original text, so each reader must pay attention to reading the introductions so that he can find the keys to the text, before actually entering the real world of the written text. 

In our research, we dealt with the issue of jurisprudential differences in financial transactions between Muslims and others. The jurisprudential differences in financial transactions between Muslims and others are applied and practical issues in our world, because people have become linked to others and the world has become like one village. For the importance of this topic, I chose to research the disparity in applying the jurisprudence of transactions to Muslims and others, and this research includes the definition of the jurisprudence of transactions, the definition of non-Muslims, the general rule in the transactions of Muslims and others, the differences in the application of the jurisprudence of transactions to Muslims and others, and the result. And if the general rule is that the dhimmis and the trustees in transactions are like Muslims in the House of Islam, except that the jurists excluded some behaviors from it, and these exceptions are not all subject to agreement among the jurists. It was stated in the first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights  In Article Seven, he decided that all people are equal before the law without any distinction or discrimination.

TABAKATÜ’Ş-ŞAFİÎYYE ADLI ESERİ BAĞLAMINDA SUBKÎ’NİN USÛL GÖRÜŞLERİ

ÖZET

İmam Tâcettin Abdülvahhâb es-Sübkî usûl medreselerinin öncülerindendir. Görüşleri ilim talebeleri açısından önemlidir. Araştırmamız Sübkî’nin meşhur kitabı olan Tabakatü’ş- Şafiîyyeti’l-Kübrâ’da bulunan görüşler ile öteki medreseler olarak nitelendirdiğimiz Mütekellimin (Cumhur) veya fukaha (Hanefî) ekollerinin görüşlerini kıyaslamaktadır.

Araştırmamızda tümevarım yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Subki’nin telif ettiği eserlerden yola çıkmak sureti ile Subkî’nin usûlü hakkında bir kanaate varılmıştır.

Araştırmamızda Sübkî’nin mütekellimin metodunu kullanan bir müçtehid olduğu fakat kendine has görüşleri ve usûlî içtihatları ile de bu ekolden ayrıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

İmam Subkî büyük bir âlimdir. İmam Subkî’nin özellikle usûl kaynakları üzerinde olan bilgisi çok az kimsede bulunmaktadır.

Kitapları, tedvin edilmiş fıkıh usûlü kitaplarının en önemlilerinden sayılır. Kitapları, ilim talebeleri ve usûl üzerinde çalışma yapan kimseler için müracaat edilmesi gereken ana kaynaklardan olup kimi çalışmalarda başka eserlere ihtiyaç bırakmamaktadır.

This research sheds light on the concept of “Load Bearers” in the Holy Quran. It discusses the meaning of this term, exploring the burdens carried by angels, including carrying the throne, the ark, the earth and mountains on the Day of Judgment. The study also delves into the burdens borne by humans, whether assigned tasks or punishments for disobedience. It distinguishes between physical and spiritual burdens, indicating the loads of the livestock like man and his belongings. The study highlights the loads bore by water, including bearing the foam, and ships, stating who of the load bearers fulfilled it and those who failed as well. The research also discussed unbearable responsibilities imposed on humans beyond their capacity. The conclusion summarizes key findings recommended by the researcher.

Teachers resort to applying educational activation techniques during their lessons. In this context, we attempted to study the impact of their application on students and their motivation to improve their academic performance. The objective was to shed light on the importance of these techniques, assess students’ levels, and raise awareness among elementary school teachers regarding training in activation techniques and understanding all their aspects. To achieve these goals, we adopte a descriptive-analytical approach and prepared a questionnaire to address the issues raised, we presented the results and provided some recommendations to draw the attention of teachers to activation techniques and training.

In Libya, there is no constitutional protection for marriages or a healthy environment or positive care for children. Unfortunately, poverty, lack of family awareness, and the rush to marriage, such as what happened when they decided to grant marriage grants in the year 2022 within a short period of time, which led a large number of young people to marry in the hope of making money, and other reasons of this nature, led to an increase in the challenges of marriage and showed an increase in marriage. Divorce rates. The purpose of this paper is to find out the consequences that children from broken families face in Libya, especially the city of Al-Bayda, and to suggest treatments to overcome these fears among children, especially the psychological situation. Conclusions are made on the basis of a narrative literature review to highlight consequences and solutions. Increasing divorce rates have also become common in Libya, which has led to poor development of children and their entry into complex psychological disorders, which has added negative factors to children’s personalities. The results are worse if domestic violence and ongoing conflicts occur between parents. These children suffer from psychological disorders that continue throughout their lives. Marriage challenges have affected the dropout rate across the world including Libya and have led to a lower literacy rate for the new generation. Moreover, in the event of parental separation, children have additional freedom to indulge in social networking sites, and this can lead to smoking at an early age, or lead to the emergence of undesirable personalities in their personalities, which later leads to acts of deviance, crime, or Joining terrorist groups. In order to overcome these vulnerabilities that arise in children due to lack of parental attention due to separation, some remedial strategies like adult supervision, counseling sessions, strong policies, financial assistance, government support and education etc. have been suggested in a later part of this research.

The research seeks to study the status of Sharia arbitration in positive laws by examining the areas of difference and agreement between what is included in standing arbitration based on Islamic Sharia and what is regulated by internal laws in this regard. For the accuracy of the research, the researchers have studied two models of positive laws, namely the arbitration law in Libya as well as the Arbitration law in Syria, as both countries are Muslims, and their constitutions stipulate that Islamic law and Islamic doctrine are the main source of legislation. Hence, it is assumed that the lower laws would not be in violation of the higher legislation, (the constitution). The researchers believe that the comparison model is chosen based on the principles and provisions of Islamic law, so an arbitration standard is chosen, which is approved by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) due to its discipline and modernity, and because it is agreed upon by many jurists in the modern era. The research required the use of inductive and descriptive analytical style, as well as the comparative approach for finding the areas of differences in the study. The research has reached a conclusion in several results, the most prominent of which is the discovery of several areas of difference between the arbitration standard approved by the (AAOIFI) and the arbitration that it is included in Libyan law and Syrian law. The most critical point that the two laws do not stipulate that it is not permissible to arbitrate is the Allah’s right, and both laws do not stipulate the exclusion of what contravenes the provisions of Islamic Sharia. The researchers recommend the need to intensify scientific efforts to study the two laws again in order to purify the areas of disagreement with Islamic law so that the legal texts do not clash with the legislation that transcends them, which are constitutions, causing the deconstitutionalization of the texts of the law.

The research aims to clarify the aspects of flaws and clarify the ambiguity of the regime of the Libyan maritime law which issued in 1953 in respect of charterparty, in particular when it organized the provisions of charteraty that was formed in general without accuracy or details , whereby that provisions relied upon  the Brussels Convention which issued to unify the Bills of lading in1924 . However most countries abandoned such convention and searched for issuing new treaties for organizing such matter.

Research method: The method followed in this study is the comparative analytical approach.

 The results that the research has concluded is that the Libyan law organized in the same notion  of the English law, the voyage charterparty, as well as the time charterparty, explaining the consequences of  the charterparty which may confront the contracting parties, However, the legislative organization  are modest and brief, as the legislative organization was limited the maritime navigation from  the loading  until discharging of the goods, while it is ignoring the pre –loading period until the goods are delivered, which shows the reflection of this flaws on its failure to cope with  various versions of each type of charterparty and the variation of its impact  allocation of risks and responsibilities on these parties and the recent conditions that are approved by the consecutive international conventions.

 This study aimed to identify the modern trends of internal auditing and its role in supporting competitive advantage in Libyan commercial banks in order to develop appropriate solutions regarding them and come up with recommendations that help the managements of these banks in developing their banking performance. To study this problem, the descriptive analytical approach was followed in analyzing the study data.

The study population was determined from employees in the risk management and internal audit departments in Libyan commercial banks, and data and information related to the subject of the study were obtained through a questionnaire sheet, the design of which took into account clarity and ease, while indicating the degree of importance according to five levels according to the five-point Likert scale. This study was limited to To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire sheet distributed to employees in the risk management and internal audit departments at Al-Wahda Bank and the National Commercial Bank..

 One of the most important findings of this study is the existence of a strong direct relationship between modern trends in internal auditing and the competitive advantage of relevant Libyan commercial banks.

 One of its most important recommendations was the need for the management of Libyan commercial banks to give greater importance and attention to relying on the modern trends of internal auditing represented in risk management and the governance role of auditing and adding value, because of its support for the competitive advantage of Libyan commercial banks.

The spiritual experience in Islamic Sufism is characterized by cognitive diversity between the duality of the unseen and the martyrdom, according to a certain path and approach that the traveler adheres to rise from a place to a shrine, passing through different conditions that eventually sculpt the epistemological conclusion he reached.

However, this spiritual experience was taken in two directions under the same name, which is “Sufism”, the first trend is mental devotional committed to the spirit of religion and its teachings, and the second trend is a mixture of philosophical experiences and ideas that took him out of the reality of his devotional self and lost him the spirit of wisdom and serenity. Knowledge was a product of that between fact and fiction, a fact from the spirit of religion and a fiction from the spirit of flimsy philosophies.

This research presents a study of the interrogative letter in grammatical structure, and asks about the role of the interrogative letters in indicating the eventual and temporal direction of the Arabic sentence, noting that they were not stipulated as evidence for preferring one tense over another.

The research was divided into two sections: The first is in the interrogative using the hamza, and the second is in the interrogative using “hal.” A presentation of the most important opinions of grammarians regarding them, and the meanings that a sentence acquires from a question using one of them. How are these meanings achieved through their event or temporal aspect? In addition to the fact that they may be dominated by one tense rather than another in some of their synthetic forms, in which they specifically apply the verbal form. These two sections were preceded by talking about the topic of the research, its problem, its limits, its methodology, its terminology, and previous studies in it.

In this research, we followed a descriptive and analytical approach, which we applied specifically to the Holy Qur’an, and preceded it by presenting the opinions of grammarians in detail, explaining what was agreed upon among their opinions, limiting ourselves to the head of each school of thought, while clarifying the dissenting opinion of the public, and clarifying the extent of its influence on understanding the dimensions of time. If these two letters carry many grammatical meanings, I have contented myself with mentioning the meaning that influences the preference of tense.

The research reached a number of results, the most important of which were: Determining the tense of a sentence is subject to the law of conflict and dominance. The basic principle in a verbal clue is that it is dominated by a certain tense, but a conflict may occur between the clues and each other in the sentence, so that one of them prevails over the other.

This research critically examines the specific areas of focus within the field of Islamic jurisprudence that have been expertly addressed by the distinguished scholar Siddiq Hasan Khan in his  book, “Al-Rawdah Al-Nadiyah Sharh Al-Durar Al-Bahiyyah fi Masail Al-Fiqhiyyah” (The Flowing Garden: An Elucidation of the Shining Pearls in Jurisprudential Issues by Imam Shawkani). The objective of this comprehensive study is to meticulously compile Siddiq Hasan Khan’s discerning selections, specifically pertaining to the topic of prayer, in his comprehensive commentary on “Al-Durar Al-Bahiyyah.” Moreover, this research aims to provide an extensive introduction to the life and contributions of this esteemed Imam. The selection of this subject matter is justified by the manifold benefits derived from analyzing the collected insights of eminent authors, which greatly serve scholars, students of knowledge, and practitioners of jurisprudence. Employing an inductive-analytical approach, this study meticulously examines and evaluates Siddiq Hasan Khan’s selections by meticulously tracing their origins, deducing their implications from various sources, and meticulously comparing them to the diverse perspectives articulated by jurists representing different schools of thought. The comprehensive analysis undertaken in this research reveals that Siddiq Hasan Khan’s scholarly methodology hinges on a meticulous examination of textual evidence, whereby he astutely dissects and elucidates its manifold manifestations without succumbing to unthinking orthodoxy. Furthermore, it becomes apparent that his intellectual development has been significantly influenced by the erudition of Imam Shawkani, as evidenced by the substantial resonance between their respective perspectives in numerous selections. The researcher unequivocally recommends that students of knowledge and scholars engaged in comparative jurisprudence devote meticulous attention to classical heritage texts in general, and specifically to the works of distinguished scholars and researchers, particularly those authored by this eminent luminary.

The emergence of the new Corona virus not only relaxed its effect on the health aspect of citizens, but also formed a clear impact on the legal field in general and on real estate transactions in particular. To negotiate in their transactions about real estate, not to mention the sudden interruption of income, which is an important tool for the circulation of real estate, and all these reasons affected real estate transactions as well as the field of real estate loans due to it being the means that many citizens resort to to obtain a certain capital, and this effect affected the most important The means and procedures set by the legislator to protect real estate property and achieve real estate security In particular, we mention the real estate reservation procedure, whether ordinary or special, and the real estate restriction procedure.

This is a lexical study of the Qur’anic in Bada’i what I form from the expression of some of the words of the Holy Qur’an asked by specialists in the Arabic language and formed them, and when they knew the expression appeared to them these innovations and those benefits are clear and clear away from the grammatical dispute, and the expression of the Holy Qur’an is a great art to understand what God Almighty revealed to his Prophet and Mustafa, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the Arabizer must be familiar with the intended meaning and then the expression,  They have said the expression is the branch of meaning, and if the meaning is clouded, it may be revealed by the expression.  These have formed

The study of the introduction showed the importance of the study, and a preamble in which I talked about the meaning of expression in language and terminology, and the meaning of the expression of the Holy Qur’an when scholars, and the hadiths contained in the virtue of parsing the Holy Qur’an, and the most famous books that were written in the expression of the Holy Qur’an, old and new, and a study in which I mentioned that lexical study of Bada’i what form of parsing some words of the Holy Qur’an. Arranged according to its surah in the Qur’an, mentioning the name of the surah and the verse number, explaining those innovations in which the expression came documenting the expression from the books of the Arabs, indicating the most correct in it and concluded

The study has sources that have the most important references that I referred to.

This study discussed the role of Eyzaab port in the service of pilgrims since the establishment, it’s also traced the history of the Beja tribes’ control on the port, and their important role in the service of the pilgrims through the red sea. to Identify its origins, the development of foreign relation in the pre – Islam era economic, cultural and social aspect. Also, the study aimed to Identify the most important way that linked to the outside world, different regions of Sudan, north Africa and west, in side Egypt.
The researchers adopted descriptive historical approach. The study came out of the most important findings that the geographical location of Eyzaab has vital role in the economic activity, spread of Islam and that Islamic state benefited from Eyzaab port that had a cultural, political and social Impact on Beja tribes.
The study recommends further studies to be conducted on the historical and archaeological studies in Eyzaab location.

Iraq aspires to diversify its economy to reduce dependence on oil, but the country is facing a food security crisis with increasing dependence on imported food due to the poor security situation and the water crisis. Focusing on agriculture, the subsistence-based agricultural economy that was and is still dominant is at risk of gradual marginalization. Problems of water and resources scarcity, and lack of skilled agricultural labours, and the inadequacy of the local agricultural technology, all of these factors together have impede the growth of agriculture, and the governmental programs and policies have a limited impact on addressing these issues. While the current and earlier efforts of successive Iraqi governments treat the agriculture as a purely developmental issue, at the global level, we are witnessing a shift in the public planning and its philosophical foundations. The transition towards agribusiness which began with the adoption of the green economy is about the role of business in agriculture. Thus, the paper explores the available options for agricultural development and examines the potential of the green economy to foster inclusive development and reduce unemployment for all Iraqis. The methodology for the study will be analytical and theoretical in nature. This study will employ an analytical approach to examine the subsistence agricultural model and the requirements for thetransition to agribusiness in accordance with the guiding principles of the green economy.