This study aims to shed light on methods of analyzing and detecting narcotics in biological samples used in laboratories. The problem of the study is summarized in the main question, which is, “What are the most common types of methods of analyzing and detecting narcotics in biological samples?” The importance of the study appears to be that it sheds light on defining methods of analyzing and detecting narcotics. In biological samples, cases in which drug analysis, detection methods are used, types of analyzes, and tests used to detect narcotics, and types of biological samples.

The first section: Defining methods for analyzing and detecting narcotics in biological samples and the cases in which they are used and their types

The second section: biological samples and their analytical procedures

The study concluded with a set of results and recommendations, perhaps the most important of which are the following: Narcotics are detected in biological samples using several types of tests and analyses. These tests are used in several sensitive and necessary cases. The biological samples used are numerous and must be subjected to special analytical procedures so that their results are accurate and beyond doubt.

Among the most important recommendations:

Work must be done to develop the special analyzes and tests used to detect narcotics in biological samples, and they must be carried out under special conditions so that their results cannot be questioned. Biological samples must be prepared with special and strict methods and procedures to rely absolutely on their results, and adequate courses and the necessary training must be provided on how to use them optimally, correctly for these analyzes, and tests.

 The study aimed to know the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 18, presentation and disclosure in the financial statements, to explain the nature of social responsibility and how to disclose it in the financial statements, and to know the impact of applying the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 18 on the disclosure of social responsibility. The study reached a number of results, including that the application of the financial reporting standard IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in the financial statements  has an impact on the disclosure of social responsibility in the Savings and Social Development Bank, and that the application of social responsibility in banking and other financial institutions It has become an inevitable necessity, and a framework can be established to disclose social responsibility in financial statements and reports. The study recommended with several  recommendations, the most important of which is the obligation to apply the IFRS 18 standard of presentation and disclosure in banking financial institutions with the disclosure of social responsibility in the financial statements, and proposing an additional list with the other basic lists for the disclosure of social responsibility under the name of the social responsibility list, and the necessity of accommodating the social responsibility items in international accounting standards.

 This study aims to highlight the role of the digital economy in enhancing the implementation of digital governance. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the concept of the digital economy, its characteristics, and key perspectives. It also examines the concept of digital governance, its main objectives, and the expected benefits. In the final part of the study, the researchers focus on the Jordanian experience within the realm of the digital economy and its implications for digital governance. This experience is manifested in changes and developments across various aspects, including legislative, legal, and institutional frameworks, national digital transformation strategies, digital infrastructure, and the readiness of the public sector. Additionally, the Jordanian experience in establishing national defense and cybersecurity institutions is discussed, highlighting their role in maintaining internal stability and security as an important tool within the digital governance policy.

                                                : Abstract The study dealt with criminal confrontation to spread rumors and false news during the war (The Sudan War 2023-2024 as a model), the problem of the study was that there was an operational deficiency in the text of the article (24) of the Law on Combating Cybercrime Amendment 2020M and Article (66) of the Criminal Code of 1991 Amendment 2020M Despite the existence of these texts, both gifts and bears disseminate and propagate rumors and false news about the war now underway in Sudan threatening public peace and tranquillity, detracting from the prestige of the State. The importance of the study stemmed from the seriousness and gravity of the impact of the dissemination of fabricated and incorrect news on armed conflict, especially in the evolution of information and communication means day by day the study aimed to clarify the implications of spreading rumors and false news during the war, Establishing the legal basis for criminalization and punishment and indicating ways of combating this crime The study followed the analytical and descriptive curriculum. The study produced several findings, the most important of which was that the Law on Combating Cybercrime Amendment 2020 did not establish adequate punishment for spreading rumors and false news during the war. The prescribed punishment is inadequate to the gravity of this crime and to the security, economic, and psychological damage. It also did not provide for war to be considered an aggravating circumstance when committing the crime of spreading false news. The study recommended several recommendations. The legislator shall provide for a deterrent penalty in the circulation of rumors and the dissemination of false news about war because the degree of gravity of the act and the threat to social peace is greater than the situation in situations of peace and reassurance. In assessing compensation in cases of false publication, the judges shall recommend that the compensation of the victim (affected by the crime) be rewarding and not only nominal.

 The study dealt with the legal protection of electronic means of payment. It also defined the means of electronic payment, through the statement of the legal organization to issue and circulate these means, highlighting the protections prescribed for them and how to prove these payments  The importance of research stem from the importance of the role played by electronic payment methods in the development and welfare of countries and make them in the ranks of developed countries. The difficulty of researching the novelty of the subject and the lack of specialized studies on the subject and the inadequacy of legal and regulatory systems that protect the means of electronic payment and its shortcomings to regulate many of the legal issues related to electronic payment methods.  The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods and methods of legal protection of modern electronic payment methods, and to explain their concept, importance, origin, types, and nature of dealing with them.  The problem of research stems from the inadequacy of the legal and regulatory systems that protect electronic payment methods and their failure to regulate the various legal issues related to electronic payment methods.The study concluded a few results, the most important of which is to achieve the means of electronic payment of many benefits to its users and there are mutual obligations between the parties, but the electronic payment methods may be subject to many electronic crimes and risks.The study recommended the need to respond to the technical developments and development of electronic banking tools to include all types of electronic payment and to develop mechanisms and ways to protect them.

 This study discusses the effective role played by the Armenian people in the army and in the political life of the Byzantine state, in light of two basic considerations: the first, that the Armenians – specifically – formed the largest and strongest element among the diverse ethnic groups in the Byzantine state, and the second, that the relationship Between the army and political life, there is a close relationship; The army often took a route to participate in political life and reach power in the Byzantine state, and why not? The basis is that the emperor should be a man of war and a man of politics at the same

 Time.

This research aims at investigating “the of using the cooperative education with the strategy of together learning in developing the critical thinking and self-confidence for the fifth literature branch class female students in Islamic education subject”.

To achieve this aim, two null hypotheses of five sub-hypotheses have been set. The sample of the research consists of (57) female students from the fifth preparatory class/literature branch who were distributed between two groups equivalent in variables of; age (computed in months), intelligence score, parents’ academic qualification, scores in Islamic education subject and the general average for the previous academic year. This sample includes (21) females from Al-Andalus Preparatory School for girls representing the experimental group and (36) females from Qurtoba Preparatory School for girls representing the control group.

For the purpose of this research, an instrument for testing critical thinking has been used. The face validity of this test has been fulfilled by introducing it to a jury of experts. The reliability has been computed by using (Kuder – Richardson – 20) and scored (0.83). The test finally consists of (75) items Teachers of Islamic Education subject should adapt modern methods and techniques in teaching their subject. They should be modified for their students. Those teachers shouldn’t rely on traditional methods as lectures. They should use modern techniques and instructional ways in their classes.

The study aimed to identify the role of using the story method in teaching Islamic culture to develop values among university students in the White Nile state in the study population for the year 2022-2023 AD, The study population is composed of professors of the College of Education at the Universities of Imam Al-Mahdi and the White Nile University, who are (43) individuals. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire as a tool for data collection, after it was designed and distributed randomly, and it was planned in the simple random way. As their response amounted to (30) individuals at a rate of  % 69.7 of the total society, and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Studies (spss) program.

The study reached several results, including: There is a growing role for teachers of Islamic culture in instilling and developing moral values among university students, and this has been achieved with a very high degree of appreciation. And that the Islamic culture courses contribute to modifying students’ behavior for the better, and this has been achieved with a high degree of appreciation, and based on the results that have been reached, the study recommends The need to focus on strengthening national belonging and instilling moral values in the hearts of students through Teaching Islamic culture and diversifying the subjects of Islamic culture in order to achieve moral values according to the foundations of the Islamic religion.

The subject of the study is Sudanese cultural heritage, the degree of its diversity in the content of primary education curricula, and the importance of employing it in building social peace. It aimed to identify the degree of its diversity in the content of primary education curricula, and the importance of employing its curricula in building social peace. The researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approach. The results concluded that the history textbook for the fifth grade of primary school lacks diversity in Sudanese heritage; there is an imbalance in the distribution of images of heritage in the book. The percentage of images taken from ancient civilizations reached (56.1), and the percentage of Sudanese intangible heritage is very weak compared to the tangible its percentage reached (7.3), while the percentage of material heritage taken from African and European civilizations reached (36.6) out of the total heritage images in the book. In light of these results, the researcher submitted a recommendation to the National Center for Curricula and Educational Research, to develop a matrix of Sudanese heritage and its distribution. Improving primary education curricula in a balanced manner. It covers cultural diversity as it actually is and builds curricula based on Sudanese heritage in all its diversity, aiming to strengthen the foundations of social peace.

This research deals with the statement of the false foundations of the author of the two series in his lack of belief in documenting Al Fasawi and Al Tabari of some types of narrators, and his weakening of hadiths was based on these false foundations, wasting hundreds of hadiths on those who are offended by his judgments, on which what these hadiths contain rulings and Sunnah with a statement of invalidity, The research included an introduction, four research papers, and a conclusion, the statement of which comes at the forefront of the research.

the Arabs began their science by telling and hearing. In the second century al-Hijri began writing in various Islamic and Arab sciences. The author began writing in Arabic. When he settled on his market, the schools of Basra and Koufa appeared with them and the books of issues of disagreement appeared in the form. Abdelkader al-Baghdadi gave his substitution in this case.

Among the issues in which Baghdadi disagreed in kind, the research took care of the study of bilateral instruments, consisting of two letters, and the controversial issues analysed by the research, seven issues, namely: The first issue: from a preposition that precedes the circumstance after, and the second issue: Contact with Kee, question III: What’s more, and question IV: Some type relates to exception instruments, and the fifth issue: What is the question of question or denial in the saying of the elder (what is your neighbour), and the sixth question: Separate quantum of expertise from its distinction, and question VII: judgment relating to the Lord.

My point of view on each issue was that one of the two opinions was likely to be accompanied by evidence, and I came up with a set of findings, which I proved at the end of the research.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the Master of the prophets and messengers, and upon his family and companions, and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment. This is a scientific thesis submitted to obtain a Master’s degree in Islamic jurisprudence and its principles. The practical work in this thesis involves the translation of Imam Nawawi, the author of “Minhaj al-Talibin”. It mentions his name, birth, upbringing, teachers, students, scholarly status, writings, and death. Then it refers to Imam Zakariya al-Ansari, the author of “Fath al-Wahhab fi Sharh Minhaj al-Talibin”, mentioning his birth, upbringing, teachers, students, scholarly status, and writings. After that, it translates for Imam al-Ziyadi, mentioning his upbringing, teachers, students, scholarly status, and writings..

Then, part of the book “Hashiyat al-Ziyadi” on the explanation of “Minhaj al-Talibin” was researched, covering topics from clothing to the end of the chapter on seclusion. This research includes chapters on clothing, eyes, eclipses, fear, selection, the ruling on abandoning prayer,funerals, zakat, sadaqah, and seclusion.

It begins with dedications, followed by gratitude and appreciation to those deserving, then a brief introduction to the thesis, followed by an explanation of the importance of the manuscript as one of the most important references in Shafi’i jurisprudence. Then, it explains the reason for choosing the topic and its valuable and beneficial information for Muslims..

The thesis concludes with a fruitful conclusion, recommendations for students of knowledge, and indexes. The author expresses gratitude to Allah for completing this research and thanks Him for His countless blessings. He prays for acceptance of this research and hopes it benefits students of knowledge, especially, and Muslims in general. The author sends blessings upon the seal of the prophets and messengers, Muhammad, and upon his family and companions

This reserch deals with the theory of “Authorship” for the Imam Abd al-Qahir al_ Jurjani; It also aims to define  the basics, corners and principles of the theory. This theory is also interested in one of the most imoprtant side of the Holy Quran’s ones. I started searching first with the lexical and  Linguistic’s difinitions of the word “Authorship” after mentioning both the importance and aims of the research in the Quranic Authorship. Then I spoke about the idea of the Authorship before the Imam Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani with relying on many of rhetoricat books. After that I showed the corner of the Authorship according tot scientists’ books, I finished the research with an applying study for the theory. I followed the analysis descriptive approach that relying on observating, inducting and analysing, and ended it with the most important results and recommendations.

This research can be summarized in explaining some of the meanings in the Almighty’s saying: (O you who have believed, obey God and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you) the verse.

The benefit of repeating the command to obey the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, in the verse: Confirmation of the necessity of obeying Him, because obedience to Him is obedience to God Almighty, and disobedience to Him is disobedience to God.

According to the majority of commentators, what is meant by those in authority in the verse are: the princes and scholars

What is meant by refutation in the Almighty’s saying: “Return him to God and the Messenger” is what the majority of scholars have said, meaning it is refutation to the Book of God Almighty, and to the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, by questioning him during his lifetime, and examining his Sunnah after his death.

The research also shows the keenness of Islamic law on the necessity of appointing an imam for Muslims. Because of its interests.

For the validity of consensus, it is required that it be the opinion of all the diligent scholars, and the statement of the majority is not taken into account. If one or more of the diligent scholars disagree, then the statement of the rest is not considered consensus.

This study investigates  the application of translation procedures, specifically those outlined by Vinay and Darbelnet, in the demanding world of simultaneous interpretation, particularly between Arabic and English languages. By examining the work of a simultaneous interpreter, the research sheds light on the constant challenges the interpreters face, including the pressure to convey ideas accurately in real-time and navigates cultural and linguistic differences. The analysis explores the interpreters’ strategies for overcoming these hurdles, such as employing various translation procedures (both direct and indirect) to achieve optimal clarity and fluency in the target language.

Furthermore, the research goes beyond simply identifying these procedures. It probes into a real-world example from Arabic and English simultaneous interpretation, showcasing how these methods are implemented in practice. This analysis aims to not only illuminate the effectiveness of Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures but also identify any limitations. By problem-solving the most frequent difficulties encountered by interpreters, the study proposes additional methods or procedures that could bolster their ability to tackle these challenges and deliver seamless interpretations.

Overall, The study confirmed the effectiveness of Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures in difficult SI, but it also pointed to the need for developing additional methods that consider the unique challenges of this field. The study also recommended training SI interpreters to use these procedures effectively, while taking into account cultural and linguistic context.

The study considers the psychological benefits of learning the English language as a foreign language Iraqi EFL students. This is a sample of 300 students from the institution, and data on EFL learning was collected using questionnaires covering emotional intelligence, motivation, anxiety, self-confidence, and well-being. The use of the same sample and diverse scores ascertained that EFL learning is positively related to psychological well-being. Higher language proficiency is positively correlated with high levels of emotional intelligence, motivation, self-confidence, and low anxiety. That indicates the need to integrate emotional intelligence training and EFL/ESL programs as anxiety-reducing strategies that can help improve the psychological and academic performance among students. This study is central to applying psychological factors in many contexts, since language education is done with the aim of maximizing learners’ emotional and cognitive development. Future research is recommended to extend these benefits to other cultures and communities and to conduct longitudinal studies to determine better long-term effects.

This study evaluated the level of some pollutants in tomato paste, where the proportions of the elements were within the permissible limits. The arsenic element ranged from 4.0667 to 2.3433 mg/kg, with the highest average being in B6 paste, and the lowest concentration was in a sample of 1.042 mg/kg. As for the lead element, the results were sub-par. The sensitivity of the device, and the concentration of zinc ranged from 5.1199 – 3.5238 mg/kg, where the highest concentration was in sample B3 and the lowest concentration in sample 5B, while copper was the lowest concentration in sample 1B, which contained 1.9110 mg/kg, while the highest concentration was in sample B5, which contained At 3.3130 mg/kg, the results of statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the samples in their element content.

 The number of mold filaments ranged from 8 to 32% of the positive fields, where it was highest in sample B6 and lowest in paste B5 and B4. No Cholestridium bothelinium bacteria were found in the tomato paste samples. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the samples in their content of mold filaments. .

AbstractMarrubium
Vulgare is a plant with multiple and important therapeutic properties, and its
effectiveness has been known since ancient times for its wide use. Many studies
have been conducted proving its effectiveness in the chemical and biological
fields and in the pharmaceutical, antioxidant and microbial industries. This
paper was concerned with studying the active substances found in the extract of
this plant, as well as its use as a preservative for meat tablets. Minced
chicken. The results obtained showed that the powder of the leaves of the
Marrubium Vulgare plant has an inhibitory effect on the total count of bacteria
as well as colon bacteria when used as a preservative for minced chicken meat
tablets. The results of the qualitative detection of the active substances on
the aqueous extract of the leaves of the Marrubium Vulgare plant showed that it
was noted that it contains active substances: (tannins, phenols, flavonoids,
saponins, glycosides, resins, as well as alkaloids.

The relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainability in mediating women’s sports performance is an emerging and interesting topic This exploratory study investigates the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainability in enhancing women’s sports performance, focusing on a sample of female athletes in Iraq. The research aims to understand how AI technologies can be leveraged to promote sustainable practices in women’s sports and improve athletic performance. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with women athletes across various sports disciplines in Iraq. The study analyzes their perspectives on the integration of AI in training, performance monitoring, and injury prevention, and explores how these technologies contribute to sustainable sports practices. To achieve the goal of the research, a pilot study was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to (300) Iraqi female athletes. (285) questionnaires were retrieved, of which were valid for statistical analysis. (268) questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical program SmartPLS V.4. The results of the research indicate the positive impact of sports performance. In the relationship between artificial intelligence and sustainability in the State of Iraq. Women’s participation in sports has witnessed significant growth in Iraq, but it is still necessary to address the unique challenges that sports face. By leveraging artificial intelligence, this research seeks to identify tailored training strategies, injury prevention protocols, and holistic well-being supports that align with the distinct physiological and psychological needs of female athletes. By harnessing data-driven insights, AI can act as a catalyst to push women’s athletic performance to unprecedented levels.

The purpose: is to explore the impact of strategic quality assurance planning on education and its impact on crisis management. structured questionnaire will be used to collect data through the faculty of the Faculty of Management and Economics of the University of Kufa. Our current school community was represented by the academic (teaching) staff of the Faculty of Management and Economics of the University of Kufa(114).

Results: Research results predict that crisis management is achieved quickly. More strongly by the availability of strategic planning for quality assurance education, and in light of these findings, the researcher recommended that the College pay attention to the research sample by creating effective strategic planning management that works to improve its performance by managing a crisis. The latter has become a necessary condition for the exchange of information and educational culture in recent years and has made ISOSO of all types and types the first threshold for achieving leadership and improvement, as it depends on the prior planning of each management process, the increased delivery of educational services, and the development of the quality of the educational service through the adoption of the Strategic Planning Department to ensure quality education.

Conclusion: The emergence of a positive acceptance of the faculty’s research sample, which examines the availability of strategic planning variables for quality assurance education. This means that they are aware of the importance of this concept and its pattern, which contributes to strengthening the organizational readiness of crisis management in the college, capable of dissolving the problems and constraints facing crisis management.

Value – Authenticity/value: This research enriches the literature and texts of strategic management that contribute to the search for how and why the Department of Strategic Planning for Quality Assurance has an impact on crisis management.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed program based on active learning strategies in the development of vocational skills of Islamic education teachers at the secondary level in Sana’a Capital. To achieve the objectives of the study; the researcher uses the Descriptive approach with the Construction and Development Method In preparing the list of professionals and building the proposed program and evidence of its implementation. And a Semi-experimental approach to design the experimental and controlled sets with Pre-measure and post-measure. The study sample consists of (40) Islamic education teachers which randomly divided into two equal groups one of them is controlled the other is experimental. The training program based on an active learning strategy is applied to the experimental group’s members In the year 2023/2024. The researcher uses the observation card that is consisted of (40) Professional Skill. The findings of the study show the following: Statistically indicative differences between the averages of performance scores of members of the experimental and controlled groups in the post-measure for the observation card, the differences were in the direction of the experimental group, also there are differences between the median performance of the experimental group’s members in pre and post measures for the observation card and differences in the direction of post-measure. The findings of the study showed the great effectiveness of the training program based on active learning strategies in the development of vocational skills in the members of the experimental group of Islamic education teachers at the secondary level: the value of the gains adjusted for effectiveness at the overall instrument level (1.41), and this value is greater than the ratio (1.2) that was identified by Black for the great effectiveness. The study recommends that Islamic education teachers at the secondary level be trained in the use of an active learning strategy in teaching the subject; and focus on that strategy through the preparation of Islamic education teachers in the faculties of education and training courses.

Globalization represents a new world order based on creativity in various areas of life and on development, prosperity and technological progress, and its development continued until it crystallized in trade and economic competition, leading to the “technological revolution” and technical progress represented by the emergence of “social media”, which has become an important element in completing the globalization movement and provided A more realistic picture of intellectual, cultural, economic, and technological openness, and with increasing development, the emergence of the “social networking revolution” and the emergence of new “social media” means, multiple forms of globalization emerged, the most important of which was “social and cultural globalization,” which was reinforced by modern communication technologies represented by social media. Social media “social media” and “new media platforms”, which had the greatest impact on economic policies and applications in various forms, the most important of which was the forms of electronic contracting through various social media outlets, which increased the speed of demand and the tendency of companies to market through social media, which pushes the process of earning Visitors to the website or customers for services or products through their use of social media, which is characterized as being the fastest, most widespread, cheapest, and most effective in terms of spread and the increasing use of social media and its contribution to promoting brands of products and services, which affects consumers’ purchasing decisions.

The kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been witnessing reveltionaly legislative development. One of the most important development is occurring in the area of commercial law to attract more foreign investments. One of the most recent development is the enacting of the Companies Law in 2022 which overcomes shortcomings in the previous law to meet the Kingdom’s vision. This article highlights the most important amendments. For instance, it removes certain forms of companies from the scope of the act, while introducing new ones. It has also changed other rules regarding the type of shares, and the non-expiration of the partnership company with the death of one of the partners. This article contains numerous judicial applications from Saudi Arabia’s courts, and there is an appendix at the end that lists the articles discussed in both the old and new company laws.

The study examined the role of accounting disclosure on the suitability and reliability of accounting information. The problem of the study was that the real problem behind financial instability lies in the low level of accounting disclosure by banks and the lack of transparency at times. Therefore, this study came to find out the true relationship between the levels of accounting disclosure on the suitability and reliability of accounting information and its implications locally and internationally. The study aimed to measure the impact of levels of accounting disclosure (full disclosure – fair disclosure – adequate disclosure) on the suitability and reliability of accounting information. The study tested the following hypotheses: Levels of accounting disclosure (full disclosure – fair disclosure – adequate disclosure) affect the suitability and reliability of accounting information. The study reached several results, including: Full disclosure for banks listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange presents accounting information in the financial statements in a comprehensive, quantitative and descriptive manner that is not misleading and is appropriate for bank managers and appropriate for investors. Adequate disclosure for banks listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange displays the minimum and according to the needs of users of accounting information. . In the financial statements, the fair disclosure of banks listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange takes into account the interests of the various categories of users of accounting information in an equal and fair manner with high effectiveness and efficiency, to achieve the objectives of control and supervision. The study recommended the need to help the Sudanese banking sector achieve accounting disclosure and raise the credibility of financial reports that gain the trust of users, the need for Sudanese banks to pay attention to international accounting standards in order to ensure access to high-quality information, and the need to increase awareness of the importance of levels of accounting disclosure and the quality of accounting information to ensure its credibility and instil confidence in her.

The study aimed to identify international accounting standards In the public sector, Determine the requirements for applying international accounting standards in the public sector, and attempt to establish a framework through which international accounting standards can be applied In the public sector to contribute In Sudan joining the International Federation of Accountants, The study reached a number of results, including that the application of international accounting standards in the public sector contributes to the development of the accounting profession and Sudan’s accession to the International Federation of Accountants. The study recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of applying international accounting standards in the public sector in order to help Sudan to join the International Federation of Accountants.